Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP)
Maintenance schedule, common problems & OEM parts breakdown
The Komatsu 3D78-1E engine powers the PC28UU-1 compact hydraulic excavator, a machine in the 28,000 lb operating weight class designed for tight tail swing utility and municipal work. Produced during the early 2000s, this model succeeded the PC28UU-1 predecessor and was eventually replaced by the PC28UU-2 series. The 3D78-1E is a 3-cylinder, 78 mm bore diesel engine derived from the Yanmar 3TN78 family, offering configurations for compact excavators and small wheel loaders like the SK05J-2.
Across its generation, the 3D78-1E maintained its core 3-cylinder architecture while adapting to evolving emissions standards and operational demands. In the used and parts market, this engine remains critical because its Yanmar-based design allows for direct repower swaps with compatible Yanmar units, providing a cost-effective alternative to full machine replacement. Its compact footprint and simple mechanical fuel system make it a durable choice for older fleet maintenance where parts availability and serviceability are prioritized over electronic complexity.
Below: full specifications, fluids & capacities, the factory service schedule, common service parts, verified fault codes, what owners discuss, attachment guidance, the complete assembly directory, and a serial-number reference. Complete parts lists with full OEM part numbers, exploded diagrams, quantities, and fitment data are available free in Heavy Parts AI.
Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) specifications
Engine
| Model | 3D78-1E |
| Series | 78 Series |
| Cylinders | 3 |
| Displacement | 1.2 L (73.5 cu. in.) |
| Gross Power | 19.9 kW (26.7 HP) @ 2,600 rpm |
| Net Power | 17.4 kW (23.3 HP) @ 2,600 rpm |
| Emissions Tier | Tier 4 Final / EU Stage V |
Weights
| Operating Weight | 8,070 kg (17,791 lb) |
Dimensions
| Tail Swing Radius | 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in.) |
Performance
| Max Digging Depth | 4.65 m (15 ft 3 in.) |
| Max Digging Reach | 6.91 m (22 ft 8 in.) |
| Bucket Digging Force | 53.3 kN (11,982 lbf) |
| Bucket Capacity | 0.076–0.18 m³ (0.1–0.24 cu. yd.) |
Service capacities (summary)
| Fuel Tank | 68 L (18 gal.) |
| Hydraulic System | Komatsu Hydraulic Oil HO |
| Engine Oil | Komatsu Diesel Engine Oil TO |
| Cooling System | Komatsu Super Coolant AF-NAC |
Values vary by configuration, region, and serial range — confirm against your machine before planning transport or lifts.
Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) maintenance schedule
| Service interval | Tasks |
|---|---|
| Every 10 h |
|
| Every 250 h |
|
| Every 500 h |
|
| Every 1,000 h |
|
| Every 2,000 h |
|
Servicing the 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) beyond the schedule
Predictive Maintenance & Fluid Analysis
Utilize KOWA oil analysis at every 500-hour interval to monitor wear metals and contamination in the 3D78-1E engine. Check coolant SCA levels regularly to prevent scaling in the compact cooling system. Inspect the hydraulic return filter for clogging, which indicates pump wear in the excavator's closed-loop system. Monitor fuel water separator drainage daily to protect the mechanical injection pump from corrosion. Track hydraulic oil particle counts to preserve valve and cylinder integrity.
Corrective & Common Repairs
Address frequent 3D78-1E failures by inspecting the thermostat housing gasket for coolant leaks. Replace the fuel filter assembly if hard starting occurs, indicating clogging or air ingress. Check the oil pump and camshaft bushings for wear if oil pressure drops. Inspect the crankshaft V-belt pulley for vibration damage. Replace nozzle protectors and seats if fuel spray patterns degrade. Verify the regulator rectifier if electrical charging issues arise in the compact excavator cab.
Overhaul & Rebuild Points
Plan the 3D78-1E engine overhaul when compression drops or blue smoke indicates piston ring wear. Replace cylinder liners and pistons if bore wear exceeds limits. Inspect the crankshaft for journal wear and replace if necessary. Rebuild the fuel injection pump if delivery rates are inconsistent. Check the turbocharger shaft play and replace seals if oil leaks into the intake. Replace all gaskets and seals during the rebuild to ensure proper sealing in the compact engine bay.
Seasonal & Environment Servicing
In cold climates, ensure the coolant mixture meets freeze protection standards for the 3D78-1E. Check the air filter restriction indicator more frequently in dusty environments to prevent engine damage. Grease the swing bearing and track rollers more often in muddy or abrasive conditions. Inspect hydraulic hoses for cracking due to UV exposure or temperature extremes. Drain the fuel water separator daily in humid conditions to prevent water contamination. Verify battery hold-down and terminals for corrosion in wet seasons.
3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) common service parts
| Part number | Part | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| YM129100-55650 | Element,Fuel Filter | Fuel system service | Check fitment → |
| YM129100-55621 | Fuel Filter Ass'Y | Fuel system service | Check fitment → |
| YM121420-01760 | O-Ring,Oil Filter | Lubrication service | Check fitment → |
| YM171301-92750 | Wrench,Engine Oil Filter | Lubrication service | Check fitment → |
| YM121120-12901 | Element | Scheduled service item | Check fitment → |
Always confirm against your machine's serial number — cross-check any part in Heavy Parts AI before ordering.
3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) fault codes & troubleshooting
| Code | Meaning | Likely cause | What to do |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA115 | Engine crankshaft speed sensor failure | Faulty speed sensor, broken wiring harness, or corroded connector at the sensor pin | Inspect the sensor wiring and connector; replace the speed sensor if voltage is abnormal |
| CA111 | Internal engine controller fault | Electronic Control Module (ECM) internal failure | Replace or reprogram the ECM |
| CA451 | Common rail pressure sensor feedback value too high | Malfunctioning rail pressure sensor or actual overpressure condition in the fuel system | Diagnose the fuel rail pressure sensor and check pump lines |
| CA441 | Battery voltage too low | Weak battery, faulty alternator, or loose connections | Check the battery health and alternator output; replace if necessary |
| CA122 | Intake air pressure sensor feedback voltage too high | Faulty intake pressure sensor or wiring issue | Verify the intake pressure sensor operation and inspect the wiring harness |
| CA123 | Intake air pressure sensor feedback voltage too low | Sensor short circuit or significant airflow restriction | Check for a sensor short or inspect for airflow restrictions in the intake system |
| CA153 | Intake air temperature sensor feedback voltage too high | Faulty Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensor | Replace or test the IAT sensor |
| CA234 | Engine overspeed | Throttle calibration error, engine load cycle issue, or operator misuse | Verify throttle calibration and review engine load cycles |
| AA10NX | Air cleaner clogging | Dirty or blocked air filter element | Replace the air filter element |
| B@BCNS | Engine coolant overheating | Low coolant level, blocked radiator fins, or faulty fan belt | Check radiator fins, fan belt, and coolant level; fill coolant and inspect for leaks |
Codes and remedies are general guidance for this model family — always confirm with diagnostic tooling and your dealer before major repairs.
3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) attachments & work tools
Standard Buckets
Compact excavator buckets for the 3D78-1E engine class typically range from 0.01 to 0.04 cubic meters (0.01 to 0.05 cubic yards). These are the primary earthmoving tools for the machine size.
Tilt Rotators
Hydraulic tilt rotators are available for this class to enable precise grading and slope work. They require a dedicated auxiliary hydraulic circuit and specific mounting adapters.
Hydraulic Breakers
Compact hydraulic breakers are standard work tools for demolition and concrete breaking. They require high-flow auxiliary hydraulics and a specific chisel adapter.
Augers
Hydraulic augers for post-hole digging are offered in various diameters. They connect via a quick coupler and require auxiliary hydraulic flow for rotation.
Coupler Systems
The machine utilizes a quick coupler system for rapid tool changes. The specific coupler type varies by configuration and series.
Auxiliary Hydraulics
Tools like breakers and augers require auxiliary hydraulic piping. Standard auxiliary attachment circuit piping includes shut-off valves for tool control.
Guarding Options
Factory guarding options include rock shields and undercarriage protection. These are designed to protect the machine during heavy-duty applications.
All 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) assemblies by section
Every catalogued assembly group for the Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP). Open an assembly to preview the parts inside — full OEM part numbers are available in Heavy Parts AI.
Cooling System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cooling System : Water Pump And Cooling Fan
| YM***20 | Gasket,Water Pump | 1 |
| YM***30 | Cover | 1 |
| YM***02 | Screw | 1 |
Cylinder Block
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Camshaft And Tappet
| YM***01 | Gear Ass'Y,Camshaft | 1 |
| YM***11 | Camshaft | 1 |
| YM***50 | Bearing, Thrust | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Crankshaft
| YM***00 | Gear,Crank | 1 |
| YM***01 | Ball,Steel | 3 |
| YM***10 | Spring Pin | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Cylinder Block
| YM***20 | Plug,Drain(Without Oil Cooler Type) | 1 |
| YM***20 | Screw | 8 |
| YM***00 | Plug | 2 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Flywheel And Flywheel Housing
| YM***02 | Screw | 6 |
| YM***02 | Screw | 4 |
| YM***80 | Parallel Pin | 5 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Gear Case Cover
| YM***02 | Bolt Plated | 2 |
| YM***10 | Washer,Seal | 5 |
| YM***51 | Cap, Lub. Oil Supply | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Oil Pan
| YM***40 | Oil Pan Ass'Y | 1 |
| YM***02 | Screw | 4 |
| YM***40 | O-Ring,Drain Plug | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Piston And Connecting Rod
| YM***00 | Screw | 2 |
| YM***80 | Piston Ass'Y | 3 |
| YM***00 | Ring,Snap | 6 |
Cylinder Head
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Air Cleaner
| YM***41 | Buffle | 1 |
| YM***70 | Seat | 1 |
| YM***40 | Band Ass'Y | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Air Intake Manifold
| YM***01 | Heater,Intake Air | 1 |
| YM***00 | Manifold,Air Intake | 1 |
| YM***52 | Screw | 4 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Cylinder Head
| YM***80 | Retainer, Spring | 12 |
| YM***40 | Seal,Valve? Exhaust (Kit) | 3 |
| YM***10 | Valve,Exhaust | 3 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Cylinder Head Cover
| YM***20 | Cover, Breather | 1 |
| YM***51 | Cap, Lub. Oil Supply | 1 |
| YM***00 | Clip,Breather Hose | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Exhaust Manifold And Muffler
| YM***10 | Manifold, Exhaust | 1 |
| YM***60 | Support,R.H | 1 |
| YM***50 | Connector | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Rocker Arm
| YM***02 | Screw | 6 |
| YM***80 | Spring | 3 |
| YM***00 | Plug | 2 |
Electrical System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Alternator
| YM***01 | Alternator A. (20a) | 1 |
| YM***00 | Stator Ass'Y | 1 |
| YM***10 | Bearing,Ball | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Alternator And Mounting
| YM***70 | Stud | 1 |
| YM***02 | Nut | 1 |
| YM***30 | Plate,Adjust | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Safety Relay And Glow Plug Timer
| YM***21 | Indicator, Charging | 1 |
| YM***01 | Relay,Safety | 2 |
| YM***02 | Relay,Safety | 2 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Starting Motor
| YM***40 | Bolt,Through | 2 |
| YM***50 | Pinion Ass'Y,Pinion | 1 |
| YM***30 | Coil Ass'Y,Field | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Starting Motor And Mounting
| YM***52 | Bolt Plated | 2 |
| (Y***0) | Starting Motor Ass'Y,(1.8kw) (See Fig.0662) | 1 |
Fuel System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Engine Stop Motor
| YM***80 | Ring,Snap | 1 |
| YM***00 | Pin,Cotter | 1 |
| YM***90 | Washer | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Filter
| YM***00 | O-Ring (Kit) | 1 |
| YM***70 | Lever | 1 |
| YM***80 | Cup, Strainer | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Injection Pump
| YM***70 | Retainer, Spring | 3 |
| YM***50 | Kit, Shim | 1 |
| YM***10 | Plate? Caution | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Injection Pump And Piping
| YM***20 | Retainer, Pipe | 1 |
| YM***60 | O-Ring,Fuel Injection Pump | 1 |
| YM***30 | Bolt | 2 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Nozzle And Spill Pipe
| YM***70 | Union | 1 |
| YM***20 | Spring | 1 |
| YM***51 | Check Valve Ass'Y,Joint | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Governor
| YM***01 | Weight Assembly., Governor | 1 |
| YM***10 | Pin,Stop Lever | 1 |
| YM***90 | Shaft,Governor Lever | 1 |
Lubricating Oil System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Lubricating Oil System : Lubricating Oil Filter
| YM***50 | Nut | 1 |
| YM***02 | Bolt Plated | 3 |
| YM***50 | Cartridge,Engine | 1 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Lubricating Oil System : Lubricating Oil Pump And Piping
| YM***50 | Oil Pressure Transmitter | 1 |
| YM***40 | Gasket,Inlet Pipe | 1 |
| YM***20 | Bolt,Joint (Cylinder Head Side) | 1 |
Tool And Kit
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Tool And Kit : Gasket Kit
| YM***00 | Gasket Kit | 1 |
| YM***20 | Gasket,Water Pump | 1 |
| YM***20 | O-Ring,Cylinder Head Cover Bolt | 3 |
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Tool And Kit : Tool
| YM***50 | Screw Driver | 1 |
| YM***50 | Wrench,Engine Oil Filter | 1 |
| YM***20 | Flex Horn (Option.) | 1 |
Frequently asked questions
What engine does the Komatsu 3D78-1E use?
The Komatsu 3D78-1E is a 3-cylinder, 78 mm bore diesel engine derived from the Yanmar 3TN78 family.
What is the operating weight of the Komatsu PC28UU-1?
The operating weight of the Komatsu PC28UU-1 varies by configuration, typically ranging around 28,000 lbs.
What replaced the Komatsu PC28UU-1?
The Komatsu PC28UU-1 was replaced by the PC28UU-2 series compact hydraulic excavator.
Need a specific 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) part?
Search live OEM part data, check fitment, and cross-reference alternatives with Heavy Parts AI.