Komatsuengine(no series)

Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP)

Maintenance schedule, common problems & OEM parts breakdown

The Komatsu 3D78-1E engine powers the PC28UU-1 compact hydraulic excavator, a machine in the 28,000 lb operating weight class designed for tight tail swing utility and municipal work. Produced during the early 2000s, this model succeeded the PC28UU-1 predecessor and was eventually replaced by the PC28UU-2 series. The 3D78-1E is a 3-cylinder, 78 mm bore diesel engine derived from the Yanmar 3TN78 family, offering configurations for compact excavators and small wheel loaders like the SK05J-2.

Across its generation, the 3D78-1E maintained its core 3-cylinder architecture while adapting to evolving emissions standards and operational demands. In the used and parts market, this engine remains critical because its Yanmar-based design allows for direct repower swaps with compatible Yanmar units, providing a cost-effective alternative to full machine replacement. Its compact footprint and simple mechanical fuel system make it a durable choice for older fleet maintenance where parts availability and serviceability are prioritized over electronic complexity.

Below: full specifications, fluids & capacities, the factory service schedule, common service parts, verified fault codes, what owners discuss, attachment guidance, the complete assembly directory, and a serial-number reference. Complete parts lists with full OEM part numbers, exploded diagrams, quantities, and fitment data are available free in Heavy Parts AI.

Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) specifications

Engine

Model3D78-1E
Series78 Series
Cylinders3
Displacement1.2 L (73.5 cu. in.)
Gross Power19.9 kW (26.7 HP) @ 2,600 rpm
Net Power17.4 kW (23.3 HP) @ 2,600 rpm
Emissions TierTier 4 Final / EU Stage V

Weights

Operating Weight8,070 kg (17,791 lb)

Dimensions

Tail Swing Radius1.4 m (4 ft 7 in.)

Performance

Max Digging Depth4.65 m (15 ft 3 in.)
Max Digging Reach6.91 m (22 ft 8 in.)
Bucket Digging Force53.3 kN (11,982 lbf)
Bucket Capacity0.076–0.18 m³ (0.1–0.24 cu. yd.)

Service capacities (summary)

Fuel Tank68 L (18 gal.)
Hydraulic SystemKomatsu Hydraulic Oil HO
Engine OilKomatsu Diesel Engine Oil TO
Cooling SystemKomatsu Super Coolant AF-NAC

Values vary by configuration, region, and serial range — confirm against your machine before planning transport or lifts.

Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) maintenance schedule

Service intervalTasks
Every 10 h
  • Check engine oil level and condition.
  • Check hydraulic fluid level at sight glass.
  • Check coolant level and ensure cap is secure.
  • Drain water from fuel separator.
  • Check DEF level.
  • Check air filter restriction indicator.
Every 250 h
  • Change engine oil and filter.
  • Grease all points including boom, stick, bucket, and swing bearing.
  • Check fluid levels.
  • Check air filter element.
  • Inspect belts and hoses.
  • Perform visual walk-around for leaks.
Every 500 h
  • Replace fuel filter.
  • Replace hydraulic return filter.
  • Test battery and alternator.
  • Test coolant SCA.
  • Collect KOWA oil sample.
  • Inspect undercarriage wear.
Every 1,000 h
  • Collect hydraulic oil sample.
  • Change final drive oil.
  • Inspect turbocharger.
  • Check valve adjustment.
  • Inspect structural welds.
  • Clean or replace air filter element.
Every 2,000 h
  • Change hydraulic oil.
  • Flush and replace coolant.
  • Service transmission.
  • Perform comprehensive component evaluation.
  • Replace worn belts and hoses.
  • Load test battery and alternator.

Servicing the 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) beyond the schedule

Predictive Maintenance & Fluid Analysis

Utilize KOWA oil analysis at every 500-hour interval to monitor wear metals and contamination in the 3D78-1E engine. Check coolant SCA levels regularly to prevent scaling in the compact cooling system. Inspect the hydraulic return filter for clogging, which indicates pump wear in the excavator's closed-loop system. Monitor fuel water separator drainage daily to protect the mechanical injection pump from corrosion. Track hydraulic oil particle counts to preserve valve and cylinder integrity.

Corrective & Common Repairs

Address frequent 3D78-1E failures by inspecting the thermostat housing gasket for coolant leaks. Replace the fuel filter assembly if hard starting occurs, indicating clogging or air ingress. Check the oil pump and camshaft bushings for wear if oil pressure drops. Inspect the crankshaft V-belt pulley for vibration damage. Replace nozzle protectors and seats if fuel spray patterns degrade. Verify the regulator rectifier if electrical charging issues arise in the compact excavator cab.

Overhaul & Rebuild Points

Plan the 3D78-1E engine overhaul when compression drops or blue smoke indicates piston ring wear. Replace cylinder liners and pistons if bore wear exceeds limits. Inspect the crankshaft for journal wear and replace if necessary. Rebuild the fuel injection pump if delivery rates are inconsistent. Check the turbocharger shaft play and replace seals if oil leaks into the intake. Replace all gaskets and seals during the rebuild to ensure proper sealing in the compact engine bay.

Seasonal & Environment Servicing

In cold climates, ensure the coolant mixture meets freeze protection standards for the 3D78-1E. Check the air filter restriction indicator more frequently in dusty environments to prevent engine damage. Grease the swing bearing and track rollers more often in muddy or abrasive conditions. Inspect hydraulic hoses for cracking due to UV exposure or temperature extremes. Drain the fuel water separator daily in humid conditions to prevent water contamination. Verify battery hold-down and terminals for corrosion in wet seasons.

3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) common service parts

Part numberPart
YM129100-55650Element,Fuel FilterCheck fitment →
YM129100-55621Fuel Filter Ass'YCheck fitment →
YM121420-01760O-Ring,Oil FilterCheck fitment →
YM171301-92750Wrench,Engine Oil FilterCheck fitment →
YM121120-12901ElementCheck fitment →

Always confirm against your machine's serial number — cross-check any part in Heavy Parts AI before ordering.

3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) fault codes & troubleshooting

CodeMeaningLikely causeWhat to do
CA115Engine crankshaft speed sensor failureFaulty speed sensor, broken wiring harness, or corroded connector at the sensor pinInspect the sensor wiring and connector; replace the speed sensor if voltage is abnormal
CA111Internal engine controller faultElectronic Control Module (ECM) internal failureReplace or reprogram the ECM
CA451Common rail pressure sensor feedback value too highMalfunctioning rail pressure sensor or actual overpressure condition in the fuel systemDiagnose the fuel rail pressure sensor and check pump lines
CA441Battery voltage too lowWeak battery, faulty alternator, or loose connectionsCheck the battery health and alternator output; replace if necessary
CA122Intake air pressure sensor feedback voltage too highFaulty intake pressure sensor or wiring issueVerify the intake pressure sensor operation and inspect the wiring harness
CA123Intake air pressure sensor feedback voltage too lowSensor short circuit or significant airflow restrictionCheck for a sensor short or inspect for airflow restrictions in the intake system
CA153Intake air temperature sensor feedback voltage too highFaulty Intake Air Temperature (IAT) sensorReplace or test the IAT sensor
CA234Engine overspeedThrottle calibration error, engine load cycle issue, or operator misuseVerify throttle calibration and review engine load cycles
AA10NXAir cleaner cloggingDirty or blocked air filter elementReplace the air filter element
B@BCNSEngine coolant overheatingLow coolant level, blocked radiator fins, or faulty fan beltCheck radiator fins, fan belt, and coolant level; fill coolant and inspect for leaks

Codes and remedies are general guidance for this model family — always confirm with diagnostic tooling and your dealer before major repairs.

3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) attachments & work tools

Standard Buckets

Compact excavator buckets for the 3D78-1E engine class typically range from 0.01 to 0.04 cubic meters (0.01 to 0.05 cubic yards). These are the primary earthmoving tools for the machine size.

Tilt Rotators

Hydraulic tilt rotators are available for this class to enable precise grading and slope work. They require a dedicated auxiliary hydraulic circuit and specific mounting adapters.

Hydraulic Breakers

Compact hydraulic breakers are standard work tools for demolition and concrete breaking. They require high-flow auxiliary hydraulics and a specific chisel adapter.

Augers

Hydraulic augers for post-hole digging are offered in various diameters. They connect via a quick coupler and require auxiliary hydraulic flow for rotation.

Coupler Systems

The machine utilizes a quick coupler system for rapid tool changes. The specific coupler type varies by configuration and series.

Auxiliary Hydraulics

Tools like breakers and augers require auxiliary hydraulic piping. Standard auxiliary attachment circuit piping includes shut-off valves for tool control.

Guarding Options

Factory guarding options include rock shields and undercarriage protection. These are designed to protect the machine during heavy-duty applications.

All 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) assemblies by section

Every catalogued assembly group for the Komatsu 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP). Open an assembly to preview the parts inside — full OEM part numbers are available in Heavy Parts AI.

Cooling System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cooling System : Water Pump And Cooling Fan
YM***20Gasket,Water Pump1
YM***30Cover1
YM***02Screw1
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Cylinder Block
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Camshaft And Tappet
YM***01Gear Ass'Y,Camshaft1
YM***11Camshaft1
YM***50Bearing, Thrust1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Crankshaft
YM***00Gear,Crank1
YM***01Ball,Steel3
YM***10Spring Pin1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Cylinder Block
YM***20Plug,Drain(Without Oil Cooler Type)1
YM***20Screw8
YM***00Plug2
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Flywheel And Flywheel Housing
YM***02Screw6
YM***02Screw4
YM***80Parallel Pin5
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Gear Case Cover
YM***02Bolt Plated2
YM***10Washer,Seal5
YM***51Cap, Lub. Oil Supply1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Oil Pan
YM***40Oil Pan Ass'Y1
YM***02Screw4
YM***40O-Ring,Drain Plug1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Block : Piston And Connecting Rod
YM***00Screw2
YM***80Piston Ass'Y3
YM***00Ring,Snap6
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Cylinder Head
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Air Cleaner
YM***41Buffle1
YM***70Seat1
YM***40Band Ass'Y1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Air Intake Manifold
YM***01Heater,Intake Air1
YM***00Manifold,Air Intake1
YM***52Screw4
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Cylinder Head
YM***80Retainer, Spring12
YM***40Seal,Valve? Exhaust (Kit)3
YM***10Valve,Exhaust3
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Cylinder Head Cover
YM***20Cover, Breather1
YM***51Cap, Lub. Oil Supply1
YM***00Clip,Breather Hose1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Exhaust Manifold And Muffler
YM***10Manifold, Exhaust1
YM***60Support,R.H1
YM***50Connector1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Cylinder Head : Rocker Arm
YM***02Screw6
YM***80Spring3
YM***00Plug2
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Electrical System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Alternator
YM***01Alternator A. (20a)1
YM***00Stator Ass'Y1
YM***10Bearing,Ball1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Alternator And Mounting
YM***70Stud1
YM***02Nut1
YM***30Plate,Adjust1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Safety Relay And Glow Plug Timer
YM***21Indicator, Charging1
YM***01Relay,Safety2
YM***02Relay,Safety2
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Starting Motor
YM***40Bolt,Through2
YM***50Pinion Ass'Y,Pinion1
YM***30Coil Ass'Y,Field1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Electrical System : Starting Motor And Mounting
YM***52Bolt Plated2
(Y***0)Starting Motor Ass'Y,(1.8kw) (See Fig.0662)1
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Fuel System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Engine Stop Motor
YM***80Ring,Snap1
YM***00Pin,Cotter1
YM***90Washer1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Filter
YM***00O-Ring (Kit)1
YM***70Lever1
YM***80Cup, Strainer1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Injection Pump
YM***70Retainer, Spring3
YM***50Kit, Shim1
YM***10Plate? Caution1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Injection Pump And Piping
YM***20Retainer, Pipe1
YM***60O-Ring,Fuel Injection Pump1
YM***30Bolt2
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Fuel Nozzle And Spill Pipe
YM***70Union1
YM***20Spring1
YM***51Check Valve Ass'Y,Joint1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Fuel System : Governor
YM***01Weight Assembly., Governor1
YM***10Pin,Stop Lever1
YM***90Shaft,Governor Lever1
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Lubricating Oil System
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Lubricating Oil System : Lubricating Oil Filter
YM***50Nut1
YM***02Bolt Plated3
YM***50Cartridge,Engine1
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Lubricating Oil System : Lubricating Oil Pump And Piping
YM***50Oil Pressure Transmitter1
YM***40Gasket,Inlet Pipe1
YM***20Bolt,Joint (Cylinder Head Side)1
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Tool And Kit
Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Tool And Kit : Gasket Kit
YM***00Gasket Kit1
YM***20Gasket,Water Pump1
YM***20O-Ring,Cylinder Head Cover Bolt3
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Komatsu : 3d78-1e(S/N 02853-Up) : Tool And Kit : Tool
YM***50Screw Driver1
YM***50Wrench,Engine Oil Filter1
YM***20Flex Horn (Option.)1
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Frequently asked questions

What engine does the Komatsu 3D78-1E use?

The Komatsu 3D78-1E is a 3-cylinder, 78 mm bore diesel engine derived from the Yanmar 3TN78 family.

What is the operating weight of the Komatsu PC28UU-1?

The operating weight of the Komatsu PC28UU-1 varies by configuration, typically ranging around 28,000 lbs.

What replaced the Komatsu PC28UU-1?

The Komatsu PC28UU-1 was replaced by the PC28UU-2 series compact hydraulic excavator.

Need a specific 3D78-1E(S/N 02853-UP) part?

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