Caterpillarengine - industrialindustrial engine

Caterpillar D398

Maintenance schedule, common problems & OEM parts breakdown

The Caterpillar D398 is a stationary/marine power unit, not a complete machine: a V12, four-stroke, turbocharged-and-aftercooled diesel engine of roughly 48.3 liters (2,945 cu in) displacement, built on a 158.8 mm x 203.2 mm (6.25 in x 8 in) bore and stroke, with indirect (precombustion-chamber) injection and a fully mechanical flyball-type governor and fuel system - no ECM, no electronic controls. It has no undercarriage, tracks, or ground-engaging attachments; it was built bare or packaged onto generator ends, marine gearboxes, pump and compressor drives, and drilling/well-service power units. Factory power ratings ranged roughly 750-865 hp (560-645 kW) depending on marine, 50 Hz/60 Hz genset, or industrial duty rating and on the D398/D398A/D398B configuration fitted. Cat built the D398 from the 1950s into the 1970s as the big-bore V12 in a shared-architecture family alongside the smaller-bore D397 (V12) and D379 (V8) and the larger D399 (V16); dry weight of the bare long block runs roughly 6,275-6,715 kg (13,830-14,800 lb), rising to about 7,260 kg (16,000 lb) once packaged with a flywheel housing, radiator, gear-reduction, or generator end.

Across its production life Caterpillar refined the D398 through A and B suffix updates - revised fuel system, cooling, and rating tables layered onto the same bore, stroke, and V12 architecture rather than a clean-sheet redesign - while sharing tooling and many components with the D397 and D399 siblings to cover a wide power band from one engine family. The D398 matters in today's used and parts market because a large population of these mechanical, non-electronic engines is still in service in legacy standby power plants, drilling rigs, marine vessels, and industrial pump and compressor stations, valued precisely because there is no ECM or wiring harness to fail and because the long-stroke design tolerates hard duty and long service intervals. Since the engine is long out of current production and off Cat's active dealer parts lists, the aftermarket runs mainly on independent rebuilders and exchange-core remanufacture of liners, pistons, precombustion chambers, injectors, and fuel-system components rather than new-parts supply.

Below: full specifications, fluids & capacities, the factory service schedule, common service parts, verified fault codes, what owners discuss, attachment guidance, the complete assembly directory, and a serial-number reference. Complete parts lists with full OEM part numbers, exploded diagrams, quantities, and fitment data are available free in Heavy Parts AI.

Caterpillar D398 specifications

Engine

Engine familyD398 V-12 diesel, four-stroke-cycle, turbocharged and aftercooled. Later production carried as D398B and D398B-TA with revised aftercooling; ratings differ by generation and application (marine, generator set, industrial).
Displacement48.3 L (2,945 cu in)
Bore x stroke159 mm x 203 mm (6.25 in x 8.00 in)
Cylinders12, V-12 arrangement, water-cooled
Gross powerApprox. 560-634 kW (750-850 hp) at 1200 rpm on base D398/D398B builds; D398B-TA variants reported up to about 645 kW (865 hp) at 1200 rpm. Exact rating varies by duty class (continuous vs standby) and application - treat as a range, not a single figure.
Emissions tierPredates EPA/Tier emissions regulation. Mechanical injection pump feeding precombustion-chamber (indirect) injection, jacket-water aftercooling, no electronic control module.

Weights

Bare engine weightApprox. 6,275-6,715 kg (13,830-14,800 lb) dry, figures vary by source and accessory fit-out
Packaged weightUp to about 7,260 kg (16,000 lb) as installed in a complete generator-set skid with generator end and radiator - this is package weight, not the bare engine

Dimensions

Package length x width x height3,251 mm x 1,981 mm x 1,422 mm (128 in x 78 in x 56 in), reported for a complete generator-set package (engine, generator end, radiator, base). Bare engine-only envelope dimensions are not separately published in available sources.

Performance

Rated speed1200 rpm is the standard rating for marine and industrial duty. Some generator-set packages are built for 1800 rpm with 4-pole 60 Hz alternators - this is configuration-specific, not the base engine rating.
Generator set output (as installed)Paired with various generator ends for standby/prime power roughly in the 500-800 kW (625-1,000 kVA) range at 60 Hz, 1200 rpm. Output depends on the generator end selected, not the engine alone - not a fixed engine spec.
Fuel consumption / torqueNot documented consistently across available sources - verify against the O&M manual for the specific serial range.
Gradeability / travel speedNot applicable - stationary industrial/marine power unit, no travel function.

Service capacities (summary)

Engine oilNot documented with confidence - sources found for this capacity disagree too widely to publish a reliable figure. Verify against the O&M manual for the specific serial prefix.
Cooling systemRadiator-cooled in industrial/genset trim, heat-exchanger cooled in marine trim. Capacity not published in available sources.
Fuel systemIndustrial configuration typically runs from an external day tank rather than an integral tank - no standard tank capacity published for this configuration.
Hydraulic systemNot applicable - engine has no onboard hydraulic system.

Values vary by configuration, region, and serial range — confirm against your machine before planning transport or lifts.

D398 fluids & capacities

SystemCapacityRecommended fluid
Engine crankcase (incl. oil filters)reported figures diverge sharply, roughly 94 L (25 US gal) in most cross-references, though one field report cites a much larger deep-sump fill near 416 L (110 US gal); treat as varies by sump configuration/series and confirm against the dataplate-matched OMM before ordering fluidheavy-duty diesel engine oil meeting Cat DEO (or equivalent API CD/CF-class) diesel engine oil specification; multigrade 10W-30 for moderate ambient bands, 15W-40 for warmer climates, straight SAE 30 acceptable on older mechanical fills in stable warm ambients - select grade by coldest expected start-up temperature per the ambient-temperature viscosity chart
Cooling system (jacket water)not confirmed from available public sourcing for this exact serial range - verify with your dealer or the serial-matched OMM cooling-system chartethylene-glycol based heavy-duty coolant with corrosion/cavitation inhibitor; later service fills commonly move to Cat ELC (Extended Life Coolant, organic acid technology, no supplemental additive needed); on older mechanical fills a conventional inhibited coolant with periodic SCA top-up is the OMM-era default - do not mix ELC with conventional coolant
Fuel systemthe D398 is a bare industrial/marine engine block with no integrated fuel tank in the OMM; day-tank or supply-tank sizing is set by the installer/genset or vessel builder, not the engine spec sheetclean, filtered diesel fuel per Cat fuel specification (No. 2-D or equivalent distillate diesel); water/sediment drained daily from the primary filter/separator
Grease (spec only)per external application (fan hub, linkage, and governor drive points) - no fixed reservoir volume appliesCat multipurpose grease, NLGI grade 2, lithium-complex or equivalent EP grease for external mechanical linkage and bearing points

Capacities are refill values from factory literature — always fill to the dipstick/sight gauge, not the number.

Caterpillar D398 maintenance schedule

Service intervalTasks
Every 50 h
  • Check crankcase oil level before each start and top off with the correct grade; do not overfill the sump.
  • Check jacket-water level (and raw-water strainer/sea-chest on marine and genset packages) before running.
  • Drain water and sediment from the fuel/water separator and day tank.
  • Walk around the engine and check for fuel, oil, and coolant leaks and loose fasteners or guarding.
  • Check drive-belt tension on the water pump, fan, and charging-alternator drives.
  • Log oil pressure, jacket-water temperature, and turbo boost at rated load and compare against baseline.
Every 250 h
  • Change engine oil and replace the full-flow oil filter element.
  • Inspect and clean the crankcase breather so blow-by gas does not pressurize the sump.
  • Clean or replace the primary fuel filter/strainer element.
  • Inspect the turbocharger housing for oil weep, shaft end-play, and exhaust leakage.
  • Check battery electrolyte level and cable connections on electric-start packages.
Every 500 h
  • Replace the secondary (final) fuel filter element.
  • Sample jacket-water coolant, check SCA/nitrite level, and add corrosion inhibitor as needed.
  • Clean the aftercooler core air side to clear dust or oil-mist fouling.
  • Check the mechanical governor linkage and fuel rack for free travel and wear at the pins.
  • Inspect precombustion chambers and injector nozzle tips for carbon buildup if hard starting or exhaust smoke has been reported.
Every 1,000 h
  • Check and adjust valve lash, intake and exhaust, across all twelve cylinders.
  • Check injector timing and synchronize fuel-rack travel bank to bank.
  • Inspect turbocharger bearing play and wastegate/boost-control linkage; pull the cartridge for inspection if end-play is near limit.
  • Inspect the raw-water pump impeller and heat-exchanger tube bundle on marine and genset packages.
  • Pull an oil sample for wear-metal analysis and review the trend against prior samples.
Every 2,000 h
  • Remove precombustion chambers for decarbonizing or renewal.
  • Overhaul or exchange the governor assembly and verify full-load-to-no-load droop against spec.
  • Inspect and recondition the gear-driven lube-oil pump and pressure-regulating valve.
  • Pressure-test the cooling system and inspect water-pump seals for renewal.
  • Re-torque cylinder head fasteners in the factory sequence.
Every 6,000 h
  • Inspect cylinder liners, pistons, and rings for wear and pitting at the wet-liner seal lands; renew the liner package as a set if out of tolerance.
  • Check main and connecting-rod bearing clearances.
  • Recondition or exchange the turbocharger core rather than field-repairing it.
  • Decide whether governor and fuel-pump components go out for factory-level reconditioning instead of field adjustment.
Every 12,000 h
  • Plan a full inframe/major overhaul of the V12 long block guided by oil-analysis and blow-by trends rather than a fixed hour count; this mechanical, long-stroke design runs well past this range under light-to-moderate duty.
  • Renew the crankshaft main/rod bearings and the full cylinder-liner package.
  • Recondition or exchange precombustion chambers, injector nozzles, and the mechanical governor as a matched set.
  • Rebuild the cooling package - water pump, raw-water pump, heat exchanger and aftercooler core - together rather than piecemeal.

Servicing the D398 beyond the schedule

Predictive Maintenance & Fluid Analysis

With no ECM or fault codes, the D398 is monitored through oil and coolant trending instead of diagnostics. Run scheduled oil analysis for wear metals off the wet-liner block, gear-type oil pump, and precombustion-chamber area, and track coolant SCA/nitrite level to catch liner pitting before it perforates. Log boost pressure, exhaust-temperature spread across the V12's two banks, and turbocharger bearing play over time - a slow drift in any of these on this mechanically governed engine is the earliest warning of wear, well before a hard failure shows up.

Corrective & Common Repairs

Common D398 corrective work centers on the mechanical fuel system: decarbonizing or replacing precombustion chambers after carbon fouling, resetting injector timing and rack synchronization when starting turns hard or smoke increases, and rebuilding the engine-driven gear oil pump when pressure sags. Turbocharger and aftercooler core repairs address boost and intake-restriction loss. On marine and genset packages, raw-water pump impeller wear and heat-exchanger tube-bundle fouling from mineral-laden water are recurring corrective jobs.

Overhaul & Rebuild Points

Overhaul on the D398's long-stroke (203 mm) wet-liner V12 centers on liner, piston, and ring renewal once compression or blow-by passes factory limits, plus main and rod bearing inspection given the engine's torque loading. Precombustion chambers, injector nozzles, and the mechanical governor are typically reconditioned or exchanged as a set rather than piecemeal. Because current parts supply runs through independent rebuilders rather than Cat's active dealer network, plan overhaul timing around exchange-core availability for the fuel system and turbocharger, not new-parts lead time.

Seasonal & Environment Servicing

Before cold layup, drain or protect raw-water cooling circuits on marine and genset D398 packages to prevent jacket-water and heat-exchanger freeze damage, and keep jacket-water heaters running on standby units so the mechanical governor and fuel system aren't cold-starting from ambient. In hot, dusty, or drilling-rig service, shorten air cleaner and aftercooler core cleaning intervals - this turbocharged, aftercooled V12 is more sensitive to intake restriction and charge-air fouling than a naturally aspirated engine of the same era.

D398 common service parts

Part numberPart
8M-3120Element --Starting Engine Air CleanerCheck fitment →

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D398 attachments & work tools

Generator-set arrangement

D398 packaged as a genset prime mover, rated in the roughly 500-750 hp (370-560 kW) range at 1200 rpm depending on generator end and voltage/frequency selection (60 Hz, 480V three-phase common). Comes with a governor (Woodward EG3P family typical) for speed/frequency control, radiator-cooled standard, and a 24V electric starter with dry-type air cleaner.

Marine propulsion arrangement

Turbocharged, aftercooled V12 rated around 850 hp at 1200 rpm for marine main/auxiliary propulsion duty. Supplied complete with a marine reverse-reduction gearbox; forward/reverse ratios vary by gearbox model selected for the vessel. Cooling offered as heat-exchanger-cooled or keel-cooled depending on hull type, not a ground-engaging option.

Industrial/pump-drive arrangement

Base industrial engine arrangement used to drive pumps, compressors, or other stationary loads. Front accessory drive supports different engine rotation options, and flywheel housing is offered in a standard SAE size to mate with the driven equipment's coupling.

Cooling package options

Radiator-cooled is the standard package for industrial and genset use, with remote-radiator mounting available for tight installations. Marine variants add heat-exchanger-cooled or keel-cooled circuits in place of the radiator, matched to the vessel's cooling water source.

Starting and control options

Standard fit is a 24-volt electric starting system with a dry-type air cleaner; governor selection differs by duty (mechanical/hydraulic governors for constant-speed genset work vs variable-speed governing for marine and pump-drive service).

All D398 assemblies by section

Every catalogued assembly group for the Caterpillar D398. Open an assembly to preview the parts inside — full OEM part numbers are available in Heavy Parts AI.

Attachments
5l9945 Aftercooler Connections Group--Full Flow--Type 1
5l9945 Aftercooler Connections Group--Full Flow--Type 2
5l6639 Rack Shut-Off Group--Air Actuated
5L***39Air Actuated Rack Shut-Off Group1
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5l5908 Air Cleaner And Exhaust Manifold Group
5L***08Air Cleaner And Exhaust Manifold Group1
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6l2610 Air Cleaner Assembly--Heavy Duty
6l8413 Air Cleaner Diaphragm Replacement Group
6L***13Air Cleaner Diaphragm Replacement Group1
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6l2611 Air Cleaner Group--Heavy Duty--Type 4
6l2611 Air Cleaner Group--Heavy Duty--Type 3
6l3851 Air Cleaner Group--Heavy Duty
6l2611 Air Cleaner Group--Heavy Duty--Type 1
6l2611 Air Cleaner Group--Heavy Duty--Type 2
6l5833 Air Cleaner Indicator Group
5l7650 Air Cleaner Support Group--Factory Installation--Type 3
5l7650 Air Cleaner Support Group--Factory Installation--Type 2
5l7650 Air Cleaner Support Group--Type 1
5l4214 Air Filter Indicator Group
6l5681 Air Precleaner Group--Type 2
6l5681 Air Precleaner Group--Type 1
6f7691 Air Receiver Group--28 Cubic Foot Capacity
6l2804 Air Starting Group--L.H.--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Type 1
6l2803 Air Starting Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Opposite Engine Rotation--Type 2
6l2801 Air Starting Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Second Type
6l2804 Air Starting Group--L.H.--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Type 2
6l8417 Air Starting Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Opposite Standard Engine Rotation--Replaces 6l2803
6l2802 Air Starting Group--L.H.--S.A.E. Opposite Engine Rotation--Type 2
6l2803 Air Starting Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Opposite Engine Rotation--Type 1
6l2802 Air Starting Group--L.H.--Clockwise Engine Rotation--Type 1
6l2801 Air Starting Group--R.H.--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--Type 1
5l2717 Air Starting Installation Group--L.H.--Type 2
5L***17Air Starting Installation Group1
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5l8148 Air Starting Installation Group--R.H.--Second Type
5L***48Air Starting Installation Group1
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5l8148 Air Starting Installation Group--R.H.--Type 1
5L***48Air Starting Installation Group1
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5l2717 Air Starting Installation Group--L.H.
5L***17Air Starting Installation Group1
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5l1750 Air Starting Motor Assembly--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation
5l1243 Alternator Assembly--32 Volt, 60 Ampere--Type 1
5l1243 Alternator Assembly--32 Volt, 60 Ampere--Type 2
5l1019 Alternator Group--32 Volt, 60 Ampere--Type 2
5l1019 Alternator Group--32 Volt, 60 Ampere--Type 3
5l1019 Alternator Group--32 Volt, 60 Ampere
2l276 Automatic Start-Stop Panel Assembly--32 Volt
5l2066 Auxiliary Drive Group
5l7680 Auxiliary Drive Group
Basic Engine Arrangement
1F***73Rod--Governor Control To Carburetor1
2***APin--Governor Lever To Control Rod1
2H***64Oil Pump Assembly1
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Basic Starting Engine Arrangement
4L***71Ignition System Group1
6L***29Carburetor And Air Transfer Pipe Group1
9M***13Oil Pump Assembly1
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1l5663 Battery Group--30 Volt, 170 Ampere Hours
3n4653 Battery--24 Volt, 300 Ampere Hours
7l7871 Battery--24 Volt, 172 Ampere Hours
7L***71Battery Group; (24-Volt)(24-Volt)1
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5f5276 Battery Group--30 Volt, 315 Ampere Hours
6l3360 Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly--110 Degrees F. Ambient Air
6L***60Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly1
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5l7380 Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly
5L***80Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly1
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5l7368 Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly
5L***68Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly1
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6l3372 Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly--125 Degrees F. Ambient Air
6L***72Blower Fan And Radiator Assembly1
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Camshaft And Governor (7m6088 N/S)
Camshaft And Governor
6l2529 Carburetor And Air Transfer Pipe Group
6L***29Carburetor And Air Transfer Pipe Group1
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5l5905 Carburetor Assembly
7m6038 Carburetor Assembly
4n4985 Air Start Changeover Group--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Field Installation
4n6019 Air Start Changeover Group--S.A.E. Opposite Standard Engine Rotation--Field Installation
1h9435 Clutch And Starter Pinion Control Group
1H***35Clutch And Starter Pinion Control Group1
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6l6219 Clutch Assembly
2n7080 Clutch Assembly
1l7470 Clutch Group
1l7470 Clutch Group--Second Type
Complete Gasoline Starting Engine Arrangement
1L***70Clutch Group1
6L***79Fuel System Group1
6L***86Starting Engine Installation Group1
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Compression Release Control
Connecting Rod And Piston (8f2938 N/S)--2 Required
Connecting Rod And Piston--2 Required
5l3693 Governor Control Group--Remote
7l5479 Generator Coupling Group
5l3395 Flexible Coupling Group--Type 1
5l3395 Flexible Coupling Group--Type 2
Crankshaft
Crankshaft (3l8897 N/S)
Cylinder Block, Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism (4l7209 N/S)--Part 2 Of 2
4L***09Cylinder Block, Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism1
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Cylinder Block, Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism--Part 1 Of 2
Cylinder Block, Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism--Part 2 Of 2
Cylinder Block, Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism (4l7209 N/S)--Part 1 Of 2
4L***09Cylinder Block, Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism1
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6l2211 Tachometer Drive Group
6L***11Drive Group-Tachometer; Tachometer Drive Group1
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5l7959 Automatic Start-Stop Arrangement
1A***15Washer- 1.6 mm(.065 In.)Thick2
1B***01Nut Generator Line Leads; Nut-Generator Line Leads8
1L***99Contactor Oil Pressure1
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6l4665 Electric Starting Motor Assembly--12 Volt
1l6448 Electric Starting Group--12 Volt
6l5978 Electric Starting Group--12 Volt--Replaces 2l1704
2l1704 Electric Starting Group--12 Volt
2l1704 Electric Starting Group--12 Volt--Second Type
5l2732 Electric Starting Installation Group--32 Volt
5L***32Electric Starting Installation Group1
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5l2732 Electric Starting Installation Group--32 Volt--Second Type
5L***32Electric Starting Installation Group1
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5l5355 Electric Starting Motor Assembly--32 Volt
5L***55Electric Starting Motor Assembly1
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5l4405 Motor Assembly--32 Volt--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--R.H.--Part 1 Of 2
5L***05Electric Starting Motor Assembly1
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6l1619 Motor Assembly--12 Volt
6L***19Electric Starting Motor Assembly1
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8l8204 Electric Starting Motor Assembly--32 Volt--R.H. & L.H.--Part 1 Of 2
8L***04Electric Starting Motor Assembly1
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8l8204 Electric Starting Motor Assembly--32 Volt--R.H. & L.H.--Part 2 Of 2
8L***04Electric Starting Motor Assembly1
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5l4405 Motor Assembly--32 Volt--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--R.H.--Part 2 Of 2
5L***05Electric Starting Motor Assembly1
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5l1525 Electric Tachometer And Drive Group
5L***24Electric Tachometer Group1
5L***25Electric Tachometer And Drive Group1
5L***01Tachometer Drive Group1
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5l1524 Electric Tachometer Group
6l2522 Enclosed Clutch Group
2l4425 Enclosed Clutch Group
5l2387 Engine Support Group
5l1980 Fan Drive Group
3l6834 Fan Group--54 Inch With 4 Inch Blades
3l6835 Fan Group--54 Inch With 4 Inch Blades
5l6797 Exhaust Fitting Group--Flexible
5l6796 Exhaust Fitting Group--Flexible
5l5475 Flywheel Assembly--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation
5l5475 Flywheel Assembly--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation
2l4426 Flywheel Clutch Assembly
Fuel Line Support
6l2579 Fuel System Group
5l2402 Fuel System Group
5l2400 Gasoline Starting Engine Arrangement
0S***92Bolt--Cover To Flywheel Housing3
1H***35Clutch And Starter Pinion Control Group1
1L***70Clutch Group1
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5l9894 Instrument Group--12 Volt
5L***94Gauge Group; -Oil Pressure, Water Temperature1
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5l9895 Instrument Group--24 And 32 Volt
5L***95Gauge Group; -Engine Oil Pressure, Water Temperature1
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3l4326 Generator--12 Volt, 35 Ampere
5l5750 Generator--12 Volt, 35 Ampere
5l2487 Generator Coupling Group
5l1978 Generator Group--12 Volt, 35 Ampere--Type 1
5l1978 Generator Group--12 Volt, 35 Ampere--Type 2
3l8255 Woodward Governor--Part 1 Of 2
3l8255 Woodward Governor--Part 2 Of 2
5l7504 Governor Assembly--L.H.
Governor Control Chart
5l1819 Governor Control Group--Hydraulic
3l8869 Governor Control Group--Positive Locking
3L***69Governor Control Group; Governor Control Group Between 72 & 731
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4l6811 Governor Control Lever Group
4L***11Governor Control Lever Group; Governor Control Lever Group Shown Below1
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5l4061 Governor Control Link Assembly
6l4913 Governor Conversion Group--10% Regulation
5l7474 Governor Conversion Group--10 Percent Regulation At 1250 R.P.M.
5l9806 Governor Conversion Group--10 Percent Regulation
5l7473 Governor Conversion Group--10 Percent Regulation At 1300 R.P.M.
5l7472 Governor Conversion Group--3% Regulation At 1000 R.P.M.
5l6945 Governor Conversion Group--3% Regulation At 1200 R.P.M.
6l2440 Governor Conversion Group--10 Percent Regulation
8l8919 Woodward Governor Group
2l6745 Governor Pneumatic Actuator Group
2L***45Governor Pneumatic Actuator Group1
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2l2040 Generator Coupling Guard Group
4l7604 Control Handle Group
4L***04Handle Group-Control; Governor Control Handle Group1
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5l6505 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Fresh Water--Type 2
5l6505 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Fresh Water--Type 1
7l488 Heat Exchanger Assembly
5l6503 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Sea Water--First Type
5l6504 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Fresh Water--Type 2
5l6502 Heat Exchanger Assembly--First Type
5l6502 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Sea Water--Second Type
7l490 Heat Exchanger Assembly
5l6504 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Fresh Water--First Type
5l6503 Heat Exchanger Assembly--Sea Water--Second Type
Heat Exchanger Chart
8l5342 Heat Exchanger Assembly
7l489 Heat Exchanger Assembly
8l5340 Heat Exchanger Assembly
7l491 Heat Exchanger Assembly
4l4471 Ignition System Group
4l4471 Ignition System Group--Third Type
4l4471 Ignition System Group--Second Type
5l2462 Generator Installation Arrangement--Type 2
5l2462 Generator Installation Arrangement--Type 1
5l2462 Generator Installation Arrangement--Type 4
5l2462 Generator Installation Arrangement--Type 3
4l8747 Instrument And Panel Mounting Group--Type 1
4L***47Instrument And Panel Mounting Group1
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4l8747 Instrument And Panel Mounting Group--Type 2
4L***47Instrument And Panel Mounting Group1
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5l7477 Instrument Shut-Off Panel Group--Type 2
5l7477 Instrument Shut-Off Panel Group--Type 1
5l2592 Starting System Junction Box Group
5L***92Junction Box Group; Starting System Junction Box Group1
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5b7529 Line Pressure Regulator--2 Required
4l9581 Vernier Control Link Group
4n7556 Air Motor Lubricator Group
3h3171 Air Motor--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation
5f7739 Magnetic Switch
3s2987 Magneto Assembly
8m9145 Magneto Assembly
7m4700 Magneto Assembly
1s3350 Magneto Assembly
5l5907 Manifold And Carburetor Group
9m7894 Manual Starting Crank Group
3l2443 Electric Starting Motor--12 Volt
6l6731 Air Starting Motor Assembly--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation
5l5354 Electric Starting Motor--32 Volt--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--L.H.--Part 2 Of 2
5l5354 Electric Starting Motor--32 Volt--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--L.H.--Part 1 Of 2
5l7268 Electric Starting Motor--32 Volt--Clockwise Engine Rotation--R.H.--Part 1
5L***68Motor Assembly--R.H.,Motor Assembly--L.H.1
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5l7268 Electric Starting Motor--32 Volt--Clockwise Engine Rotation--R.H.--Part 2 Of 2
5L***82Motor Assembly--R.H.,Motor Assembly--L.H.1
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7l6916 Air Starting Motor Group--L.H.--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation
3h3170 Air Motor--Clockwise Engine Rotation
7l6915 Air Starting Motor Group--L.H.--S.A.E. Opposite Standard Engine Rotation
7l6913 Air Starting Motor Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Opposite Standard Engine Rotation
7l6914 Air Starting Motor Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation
5l2381 Radiator Mounting Group--Front View
3n4631 Oil Filter Change Indicator--Field Installation
2h7664 Oil Pump Assembly--Type 1
9m1713 Oil Pump Assembly
2h7664 Oil Pump Assembly--Type 2
8f256 Air Starting Oiler
7l7366 Overspeed Safety Contactor Group
7L***66Overspeed Safety Contactor Group1
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6l6220 Enclosed Clutch Group
6l6220 Enclosed Clutch Group--Type 2
5l4157 Air Precleaner Group--Type 2
5l4157 Air Precleaner Group--Full View--Type 1
5l2618 Rack Limit Servo Shaft Group
5l8956 Solenoid Shut-Off Group--32 Volt
5l7458 Radiator And Fan Drive Group--Blower--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--110 Degrees F. Ambient Air--Type 2
5l7482 Radiator And Fan Drive Group--Blower--S.A.E. Standard Rotation--125 Degrees F Ambient Air
5l7458 Radiator And Fan Drive Group--Blower--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--110 Degrees F. Ambient Air
5l7482 Radiator And Fan Drive Group--Blower--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--125 Degrees F. Ambient Air--Type 2
5l2451 Radiator Assembly
5l2382 Radiator Group
2n3910 Engine And Generator Support Rails Group
2N***10Rail Group-Engine & Gen Support1
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4l9620 Engine Support Rails Group
6l5397 Regulator Assembly--32 Volt
6l1631 Safety Alarm Contactor Group--Replaces 5l2578
6l1631 Safety Alarm Contactor Group--Type 2
5l2578 Safety Alarm Contactor Group
5l7369 Safety Control Shut-Off Group--R.H.
5l9263 Rack Solenoid Shut-Off Group
5L***63Safety Rack Solenoid Shut-Off Group1
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5l5493 Safety Shut-Off Group--Manual
6l2690 Stub Shaft Group--Front Mounted
6l2709 Stub Shaft Group--Rear Mounted
7l6912 Air Silencer And Vapor Arrester Group
5l8039 Torque Spring Groups
4F***51Spacer (.017" Thick)2
4F***52Spring (.072" Thick)1
5L***39Spring Group-Torque; Torque Spring Group1
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5l7303 Starting Aid Glow Plug Group--32 Volt--Type 4
5l7303 Starting Aid Glow Plug Group--32 Volt--Type 2
5l7303 Starting Aid Glow Plug Group--32 Volt--Type 3
5l7303 Starting Air Glow Plug Group--32 Volt - Type 1
2l1618 Starting Crank Group
6l2586 Starting Engine Installation Group
0L***70Bolt (2-1/4") Filler Tube Assembly To Transfer Drive Case2
0S***87Bolt-Bracket Assembly To Timing Gear8
0S***95Bolt 1.25 In. (31.75 mm) Long Guard Assemblies To Radiator Guard4
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6l8418 Air Starting Group--R.H.--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Replaces 6l2801
6l2748 Electric Starting Group--32 Volt--S.A.E. Opposite Standard Engine Rotation
6l2747 Electric Starting Group--32 Volt--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation
5l2745 Surge Tank And Water Lines Group--Type 2
5L***45Surge Tank And Water Lines Group1
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5l2745 Surge Tank And Water Lines Group--Type 1
5L***45Surge Tank And Water Lines Group1
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5l2745 Surge Tank And Water Lines Group--Type 3
5L***45Surge Tank And Water Lines Group1
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5l8595 Solenoid Switch Assembly--Type 1
5l8595 Solenoid Switch Assembly--Type 2
5l5901 Tachometer Drive Group
7n1269 Terminal Assembly
5l6677 Torque Converter Cooler Group
5l6678 Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group--Type 4
5L***78Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group1
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5l6678 Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group--Type 3
5L***78Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group1
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5l6678 Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group
5L***78Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group1
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5l6678 Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group--Type 2
5L***78Torque Converter Output Shaft Governor Group1
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5l5779 Torque Spring Groups
4F***52Spring (.072" Thick)1
5L***79Torque Spring Group1
5M***86Spacer (.0220" Thick)1
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6l2669 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
6L***69Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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5l2204 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
5L***04Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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6l2668 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--S.A.E. Opposite Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
6L***68Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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5l2204 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--End View--Part 2 Of 2
5L***04Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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5l2205 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--Clockwise Engine Rotation--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
5L***05Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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6l2668 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--S.A.E. Opposite Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
6L***68Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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6l2669 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--S.A.E. Standard Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
6L***69Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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5l2205 Transmission And Starter Pinion Group--Clockwise Engine Rotation--End View--Part 2 Of 2
5L***05Transmission And Starter Pinion Group1
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8m1780 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required
3s4437 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
8m9073 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
8m9200 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required - Type 1
8m1780 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Second Type
8m9187 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
8m9200 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
9m3407 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
8m7149 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
8m9074 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
3s4431 Turbocharger Assembly
8m2028 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 1
8m7148 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 1
8m9073 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required - Type 1
8m1781 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 2
3s4438 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
3s4435 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
8m2028 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Second Type
3s4436 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
7m9684 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required
9m5157 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required
8m9187 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required - Type 1
3s4440 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
8m1781 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--First Type
8m9074 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required - Type 1
9m5157 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Second Type
8m7147 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Second Type
7m8170 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Second Type
3s4430 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
9m3407 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 1
7m9684 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 1
3s4442 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
7m8170 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
3s4434 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
7m9684 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
8m1780 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 1
8m7149 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required
8m2028 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required
3s4433 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
8m7148 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Type 2
8m7147 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required
3s4439 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
7m8170 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies Required--Type 1
6l4234 Turbocharger Group--Type 3
6l4234 Turbocharger Group
6l4234 Turbocharger Group--Type 2
6l4235 Turbocharger Group
6l4236 Turbocharger Group--Type 1
3s4419 Turbocharger Assembly
3S***19Turbocharger Group; Turbocharger Assembly1
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2n8815 Crankcase Explosion Relief Valve Arrangement
7l6911 Air Starting Valve Group
1l2073 Pressure Reducing Regulating Valve
1L***73Valve Group-Pressure Reducing; -Rh1
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3l9922 Whistle Valve
5l2294 Water Lines Group
6l2601 Water Lines Group
2l1630 Water Pump Group
5l9941 Water Temperature And Oil Pressure Shut-Off Group
5L***41Water Temperature And Oil Pressure Shut-Off Group1
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5l7379 Water Temperature And Oil Pressure Safety Shut-Off Group
5L***79Water Temperature And Oil Pressure Shut-Off Group1
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5l5947 Water Temperature Shut-Off Group
5L***47Water Temperature Shut-Off Group1
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6l4246 Woodward Governor Assembly
5l4936 Woodward Governor Group--Type 1
5l8036 Woodward Governor Group
5l4936 Woodward Governor Group--Type 2
5l8036 Woodward Governor Group--Type 2
5l8036 Woodward Governor Group--Type 3
5l4936 Woodward Governor Group--Type 3
Engine
Aftercooler
Aftercooler (4l1146 N/S)
4l7643 Aftercooler Assembly
Air Cleaner (4l8637 N/S)--Dry Type--Rear View
Air Cleaner--Dry Type--Rear View
Air Cleaner
Air Cleaner And Exhaust Pipe--Dry Type
4l4721 Air Cleaner Assembly
4l4720 Air Cleaner Group
Breather
Camshaft
Carburetor
5l3426 Carburetor Assembly--L.H.
5l3425 Carburetor Assembly--R.H.
Carburetor Control
Connecting Rod And Piston--12 Required
Connecting Rod And Piston--10 : 1 Ratio--12 Required
Connecting Rod And Piston--7 : 1 Ratio--12 Required
Connecting Rod And Piston Bearing Replacements
Crankshaft
Cylinder Block And Covers (4l1135 N/S)--Front View--Part 2 Of 2
Cylinder Block And Covers (4l1135 N/S)--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
Cylinder Block And Covers--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
Cylinder Block And Covers--Front View--Part 2 Of 2
Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism--Part 2 Of 2
Cylinder Head And Valve Mechanism--Part 1 Of 2
3n5561 Damper Group
3n5562 Damper Group
3n5560 Damper Group
Flexible Fuel Lines
Flywheel
Front Accessory Drive--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
Front Accessory Drive--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
Front Accessory Drive--Clockwise Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
Front Accessory Drive--Clockwise Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
Fuel Filter
Fuel Injection Valves And Lines--Top View
Fuel Injection Valves And Lines
6l4813 Fuel Lines Group--Type 2--Field Installation
6l4813 Fuel Lines Group--Type 1--Field Installation
Fuel Priming Pump
Fuel Pump And Governor Drive--Clockwise Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
Fuel Pump And Governor Drive--Clockwise Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
Fuel Pump And Governor Drive--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
Fuel Pump And Governor Drive--Counterclockwise Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
Fuel Pump And Governor Drive--Counterclockwise And Clockwise Engine Rotation--Part 2 Of 2
Fuel Pump And Governor Drive--Counterclockwise And Clockwise Engine Rotation--Part 1 Of 2
Fuel Pump Housing
4l1156 Fuel Transfer Pump Group
Gas Pressure Regulator
5l6452 Gas Pressure Regulator
Gas Pressure Regulator--Second Type
Governor And Magneto Drive--Part 2 Of 2
Governor And Magneto Drive--Part 1 Of 2
Governor Control
Governor Control (5l8270 N/S)
Governor Control (4l8614 N/S)
4l1144 Governor Group--Part 2 Of 2
4l1144 Governor Group--Part 1 Of 2
Ignition
4l5852 Inlet Valve And Cover Assembly
Instrument And Panel Mounting
Instrument Panel And Mounting
5l9420 Magneto Assembly
5l6547 Magneto Assembly
Magneto Drive
Manifolds--Top View
Manifolds (4l1153 N/S)--Top View
5l3460 Mechanical Governor Group--Part 2 Of 3
5l3460 Mechanical Governor Group--Part 1 Of 3
5l3460 Mechanical Governor Group--Part 3 Of 3
Oil Cooler And Lines--Part 2 Of 2
Oil Cooler And Lines--Part 1 Of 2
4l1141 Oil Filter Group
6l1583 Oil Filter Group
Oil Pan Base
5l5993 Oil Pump Assembly
5l3022 Oil Pump Assembly
4l8232 Pump--Second Type
4L***32Pump As-Fuel Priming; Fuel Priming Pump Assembly1
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4l8232 Pump
4L***32Pump As-Fuel Priming; Fuel Priming Pump Assembly1
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4l8800 Water Pump Group
4L***00Pump Group-Water; Fresh Water Pump Group1
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5l5356 Raw Water Aftercooler Assembly
Raw Water Lines
6l4769 Raw Water Lines Group
6L***69Raw Water Lines Group; Sea Water Lines Group1
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6l4754 Raw Water Pump Group--Type 1
6L***54Raw Water Pump Group; Sea Water Pump Group1
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5l1651 Raw Water Pump Group
5L***51Raw Water Pump Group; Auxiliary Water Pump Group1
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6l4754 Raw Water Pump Group--Type 2
6L***54Raw Water Pump Group; Sea Water Pump Group1
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5l2591 Regulator Assembly
5n3090 Elbow Replacement Group--Oil Cooler
0L***43Bolt 63.5 mm (3/8" X 2 1/2" -Cover Assembly To Fender2
0S***91Screw,Cap,Hexagon Bearing Retainer; Part Of Kit P/N 1w***822
3L***08Spacer-Bracket To Cylinder Block Cover; Spacer Bracket To Cylinder Block Cover2
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4l8129 Safety Control Shut-Off Group--R.H. And L.H.--Part 1 Of 3
4l8129 Safety Control Shut-Off Group--Sectional View Of Housing--Part 2 Of 3
4l8129 Safety Control Shut-Off Group--Sectional View Of Housing--Part 3 Of 3
4l8129 Safety Control Shut-Off Group--L.H.
4l8129 Safety Control Shut-Off Group--R.H. And L.H.
4l8129 Safety Shut-Off Group--R.H. And L.H.--Part 1 Of 3
Service Meter
Service Meter (4l1159 N/S)
6l2965 Service Meter Group
6l2976 Service Meter Group--Type 1
6l2976 Service Meter Group--Type 2
5l1498 Oil Pressure And Overspeed Housing Group--Part 2 Of 2
5l1498 Oil Pressure And Overspeed Housing Group--Part 1 Of 2
5l5503 Tachometer Drive Group
2s2489 Turbocharger Assembly
2S***89Turbocharger; Turbocharger Assembly1
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8m1783 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required--Replaced By 3s4432 Shown On Page 28b
8m1783 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Assemblies--Replaced By 3s4432 Shown On Page 28b
3s4432 Turbocharger Assembly--2 Required
Turbocharger Lubrication Valve
Turbocharger Mounting
4l1162 Turbocharger Group--Rear View
4l1162 Turbochargers Group--Rear View
Vibration Damper
Water Lines
Self-Regulated Generators
5l4044 Generator--2400 Volt--60 Hertz, 3 Phase--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
5l4043 Generator--240-480 Volt--60 Hertz At 1200 R.P.M., 3 Phase--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
5l7968 Generator-240-480 Volt, 50 Hertz, 3 Phase--Side View--Part 1 Of 2
5l4043 Generator--240-480 Volt--60 Hertz At 1200 R.P.M., 3 Phase--End View--Part 2 Of 2
5l7968 Generator--240-480 Volt--50 Hertz, 3 Phase--End View--Part 2 Of 2
5l4044 Generator--2400 Volt--60 Hertz, 3 Phase--End View--Part 2 Of 2
8f9866 Grease Gun
5l8138 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 2 Of 2--Top View--Type 2
5L***38Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8138 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 1 Of 2--Top View--Type 2
5L***38Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8119 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 2 Of 2--Top View--Type 1
5L***19Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8119 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 2 Of 2--Top View--Type 2
5L***19Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8119 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 1 Of 2--Top View--Type 1
5L***19Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8119 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 1 Of 2--Top View--Type 2
5L***19Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8138 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 2 Of 2--Top View--Type 1
5L***38Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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5l8138 Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly--Part 1 Of 2--Top View--Type 1
5L***38Static Exciter And Regulator Assembly1
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4l1560 Tool Group
9s7977 Tool Group

D398 serial number reference

On these industrial/marine engines the PIN plate is riveted or bolted to the engine block, usually on the right side near the front or on the flywheel housing, and stamped into the block itself nearby as a backup. Read the first three characters as the prefix (letters and/or numbers, e.g. 66B) and the digits that follow as the sequential build number for that range; the prefix alone tells you the engine family/build block, not the individual unit. Where a build range spans both D398 and D398B nameplates, match the prefix against the physical plate rather than assuming which name applies.

PrefixIdentifies
66BD398 industrial/generator-set engine (V12, shared range with D398B)
75BD398 industrial/generator-set engine (V12, shared range with D398B)
67BD398 marine propulsion engine (turbocharged, aftercooled), same range used for D398A/D398B-TA

Frequently asked questions

What engine is the Caterpillar D398?

It is the engine itself, not a machine that uses one: a V12, four-stroke diesel of roughly 48.3 liters (2,945 cu in) displacement on a 158.8 mm x 203.2 mm (6.25 in x 8 in) bore and stroke, turbocharged and aftercooled, with indirect precombustion-chamber injection and a fully mechanical governor - no ECM.

What is the D398's operating weight?

There is no vehicle operating weight since the D398 is a bare stationary/marine power unit. Dry weight of the bare long block runs roughly 6,275-6,715 kg (13,830-14,800 lb), rising to about 7,260 kg (16,000 lb) once packaged with a flywheel housing, radiator, gear-reduction, or generator end.

What replaced the Caterpillar D398?

Within its own family, the D398B was the final factory configuration of the D398 line, built alongside the smaller D397 and larger D399. Caterpillar's broader medium-speed industrial and marine engine role was later carried forward by newer large-displacement designs such as the 3600 series, though no single model is documented as a direct one-for-one replacement.

What D398 owners discuss

Does the D398 use direct injection like some later Cat engines claim online?
No. Owners and factory system-operation literature agree the D398 is an indirect-injection design: fuel is pushed by the injection pump through the nozzle valve into a precombustion chamber, not straight into the main chamber. Each precombustion chamber carries its own glow plug (called a heat-start element in Cat literature) to aid cold ignition. Aggregator write-ups that label this family as direct-injected are copying a different Cat engine's spec sheet and are wrong for the D398. Treat any DI claim for this engine as unverified unless it cites the factory manual directly.
What is the biggest cold-start quirk operators mention?
Starting this V12 involves a heat-start circuit (glow plugs in the precombustion chambers) plus a fuel priming step, and on units with dual hand-primer pumps operators found it awkward to work both pumps while also holding the heat-start switch in the "heat" position. A common workaround reported in the field is wiring or wedging the switch on during priming so both hands are free for the pumps. Also expect 24V electrics on an engine this size - 12V starting setups are not typical.
What wear pattern shows up most in bearings and journals?
Main and rod bearing wear is the most frequently cited failure point. Because it's a V12 with two connecting rods sharing each crank journal, those journals see higher combined loading than an inline engine's, and that is where mechanics say to focus attention - listen for a deep knock that changes with load, and check drained oil for bearing metal. Routine oil and filter service with the correct oil grade is the main preventive measure owners point to. Any journal or bearing clearance work is a job for a qualified rebuild shop - have your dealer or overhaul shop verify clearances against spec before returning the engine to service.
Why does an owner see coolant and oil mixing?
This engine uses wet-type cylinder liners that sit in direct contact with jacket coolant, sealed by O-rings/sealing rings at the liner-to-block joint. When those seals age or the liner bore itself develops vertical scoring from ring contact, coolant and oil can cross-contaminate - milky oil or coolant loss with no external leak is the classic symptom. This is treated as routine wear-item maintenance at overhaul, not a design flaw. Have a qualified technician confirm the source before pulling liners, since a cracked liner or block reads the same on a quick check.
Is it normal for the governor to hunt or for genset frequency to wander?
The factory governor arrangement on these engines is mechanical/hydraulic (flyweight and oil-pressure actuated types were both used), and it holds speed well when linkage is tight and springs are correct. Many surviving units in genset service were later fitted with an add-on electronic governor for paralleling duty, and operators note those retrofits can be noticeably sensitive to small load steps if tuning isn't dialed in - that's a setup issue on the retrofit, not evidence the base engine is flawed. If you see frequency wander, check linkage slop and governor adjustment before assuming a bigger problem.
How many hours do these engines typically run before needing an overhaul?
Reports vary, but a commonly cited figure from operators is roughly 20,000 hours before a major overhaul becomes due, with some oil leakage and a bit of oil burning showing up well before that point without being alarming. Running speed on most industrial/genset applications is 1200 rpm, and owners generally regard that as an easy, long-lived duty cycle for this engine family. Treat any single hour figure as a rough guide, not a guarantee - actual life depends heavily on load factor, maintenance history, and whether it was ever run hot or low on coolant.
What should I check before buying a used D398?
Ask for oil analysis history and look for blue exhaust smoke (points to a worn turbo or valve guides/liners), pull a valve cover and listen for bearing knock under load, and check the oil for coolant contamination or metal. Confirm the pre-lube pump (if fitted) actually cycles before start - a dead pre-lube system is a known nuisance failure and increases start-up wear. If the unit was converted to natural gas, ask how the conversion was done and whether compression or timing was altered from stock, since these conversions vary a lot in quality. Finally get hour meter history and last overhaul date, and have a diesel technician familiar with older Cat industrial engines do a compression/leak-down check and inspect the injection pump and precombustion chambers before you commit - don't rely on running sound alone.

Compiled from owner and technician discussions across the industry — experiences vary by serial range and machine history.

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