Caterpillar 438
Caterpillarbackhoe loader(no series)

Caterpillar 438

Maintenance schedule, common problems & OEM parts breakdown

The Caterpillar 438 is a mid-size 4x2/4x4 wheeled backhoe loader built for trenching, excavation, and material handling on construction and utility sites. The base machine, cataloged as the 438 Series II under serial prefix 3DJ, was produced roughly 1988 through 1993 and carries a naturally aspirated Cat 4.236 diesel, a 3.9 L (236 cu in) inline 4-cylinder rated about 77 net / 83 gross horsepower, paired with a 4-speed synchromesh transmission and hydrostatic power steering. Operating weight runs roughly 7,200 to 7,365 kg (15,840 to 16,240 lb) depending on 2WD/4WD axle choice, bucket, and stabilizer setup. Cat sold it alongside sibling 416, 426, 428, and 436 Series II backhoes sharing the same drivetrain architecture, with standard and extendable-dipperstick (extendahoe) boom options and pallet-fork attachments in some markets. The 438 Series II gave way to the 438B (about 1992-1996, serial prefix 3KK), which switched to the Cat 3054 engine family, followed by the turbocharged direct-injection 438C and the 438D.

Each generation change on the 438 tracked Cat's engine strategy more than a chassis redesign: the Series II's naturally aspirated 4.236 gave way to the 3054 block on the B, then to turbocharged, direct-injection 3054 variants on the C and D, adding power and emissions compliance while keeping the same basic backhoe-loader footprint and control layout. In today's used-equipment and parts market, the 438 Series II sits at the entry point of that lineage: low acquisition cost, no electronic engine controls to trip up an owner-operator, and a simple mechanical driveline that keeps it working for small contractors, farms, and rental yards needing a basic digger-loader. Because the 4.236 platform is long out of Cat's current engine lineup, parts support increasingly relies on used and aftermarket supply for engine, hydraulic, and driveline components, which makes correct identification of the exact series and serial prefix essential before ordering anything for this machine.

Below: full specifications, fluids & capacities, the factory service schedule, common service parts, verified fault codes, what owners discuss, attachment guidance, the complete assembly directory, and a serial-number reference. Complete parts lists with full OEM part numbers, exploded diagrams, quantities, and fitment data are available free in Heavy Parts AI.

Caterpillar 438 specifications

Engine

438 Series II engine modelCat 4.236, naturally aspirated 4-cylinder diesel
438 Series II gross/net power83 hp (61.9 kW) gross / 77 hp (57.4 kW) net
438 Series II displacement3.86 L (235.6 cu in), 4 cylinders
438B engine modelCat 3054, turbocharged 4-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel
438B gross power84 hp (62.6 kW) at 2200 rpm, compression 15.7:1
438B displacement4.4 L (268 cu in), 4 cylinders
438C engine modelCat 3054 DIT, turbocharged direct-injection 4-cylinder diesel
438C gross/net power89 hp (66 kW) gross / 85 hp (63 kW) net at 2200 rpm
438C displacement4.0 L (244 cu in), 4 cylinders, compression 16.2:1
438C torque435 Nm (305 lb-ft) at 1400 rpm
438D engine modelCat 3054T, turbocharged 4-cylinder diesel
438D gross/net power98 hp (73.1 kW) gross / 94 hp (70.1 kW) net at 2200 rpm
438D displacement4.0 L (244.1 cu in), 4 cylinders
Emissions tierNot published on available spec sheets for any 438 generation — these predate formal emissions-tier reporting.

Weights

438 Series II operating weight (2wd)7,364 kg (16,235 lb)
438B operating weight7,365 kg (16,238 lb)
438C operating weight (4wd)7,558–7,560 kg (16,667–16,670 lb), varies by configuration
438D operating weight (4wd)7,748 kg (17,081.5 lb)
Shipping weight / ground pressureNot published on available spec sheets for any 438 generation.

Dimensions

438 Series II transport length x width x height5.70 x 2.41 x 3.60 m (18.7 x 7.9 x 11.81 ft)
438 Series II wheelbase / ground clearance2.07 m (6.79 ft) / 0.34 m (1.1 ft)
438B wheelbase2.06 m (81.4 in / 6.78 ft); full transport length/width/height not published for this generation
438C transport length x width x height5.74–5.75 x 2.40 x 3.75–3.77 m (18.83–18.86 x 7.87–7.9 x 12.33–12.36 ft), minor variance by configuration
438C wheelbase / ground clearance2.10 m (6.89–6.92 ft) / 0.34 m (1.1 ft)
438D transport length x width x height5.76 x 2.41 x 3.74 m (18.9 x 7.87–7.9 x 12.28 ft)
438D wheelbase / ground clearance2.10 m (6.89–6.9 ft) / 0.32–0.34 m (1.05–1.1 ft)

Performance

438 Series II travel speed30.6 km/h (19 mph) forward, 30.7 km/h (19.1 mph) reverse
438 Series II hydraulic pump flow / relief pressure138 L/min (36.5 gpm), 186 bar (2,698 psi)
438 Series II dig depth (std) / loader lift capacity at full height4.82 m (15.8 ft) / 2,364 kg (5,212 lb)
438B drawbar power18.8 kW (25.3 hp)
438B hydraulic pump flow138 L/min (36.5 gpm), variable-flow axial-piston system
438C travel speed31.5–32.3 km/h (19.6–20 mph), forward and reverse, varies by configuration
438C hydraulic pump flow / relief pressure162 L/min (43 gpm), 207 bar (3,000 psi)
438C dig depth (std) / loader lift capacity at full height4.33–4.87 m (14.2–16.0 ft, varies by configuration) / 3,300 kg (7,275 lb)
438C bucket breakout / bucket dig force11,105–11,330 lb (5,048–5,139 kg) breakout; 11,330–12,195 lb bucket dig force, varies by configuration
438D travel speed31.9 km/h (19.8 mph), forward and reverse
438D hydraulic pump flow / relief pressure163 L/min (43.1 gpm), 228 bar (3,307 psi)
438D dig depth (extended) / bucket dig force5.91 m (19.4 ft) extended reach; 14,710 lb (6,672 kg) bucket dig force. Standard-stick dig depth not published.
GradeabilityNot published on available spec sheets for any 438 generation.

Service capacities (summary)

438C fuel tank127–128 L (33.7–33.9 gal)
438C hydraulic system79–80 L (20.8–20.9 gal)
438C engine oil7.3–7.6 L (1.9–2.0 gal)
438C cooling system19–22 L (5.0–5.8 gal), varies by configuration
438D fuel tank128.3 L (33.9 gal)
438 Series II / 438B / 438D fluid capacitiesHydraulic, engine oil and cooling system capacities not published on available spec sheets for these generations — only fuel tank data documented for 438D, and full fluid capacity set documented for 438C only.

Values vary by configuration, region, and serial range — confirm against your machine before planning transport or lifts.

438 fluids & capacities

SystemCapacityRecommended fluid
Engine crankcase (with filter)7 L (1.85 US gal / 7.4 US qt)Cat DEO (Diesel Engine Oil), API CD/CF-rated multigrade. SAE 10W-30 for moderate/cold climates, 10W-40 to 15W-40 for warmer/Mediterranean climates. Machine runs the naturally aspirated 3.9 L 4-cylinder diesel (Cat/Perkins 4.236 family) — do not confuse with the 3204 or 3054 engines used in later 438 Series II/B/C/D updates.
Cooling system21 L (5.5 US gal)Cat heavy-duty coolant/antifreeze (full-strength, organic/extended-life type acceptable as upgrade) mixed to the climate-rated freeze point. Follow the standard 50/50 premix guidance unless local climate calls for a stronger mix.
Fuel tankNot documented for this exact series/generation in available references — verify capacity against the machine data plate or dealer parts lookup.No. 2-D diesel fuel meeting Cat fuel specification; use No. 1-D or a winter blend in cold climates to prevent gelling.
Transmission and torque converter (powershift)10 L (2.6 US gal)Cat TDTO (Transmission/Drive Train Oil). Straight-grade by climate: SAE 10W for cold climates, SAE 30 for moderate/Mediterranean climates, SAE 50 for sustained hot-climate service.
Front axle differential7.5 L (2.0 US gal)Cat GO (Gear Oil) meeting API GL-5. SAE 80W-90 for moderate climates, SAE 85W-140 for hot/Mediterranean climates.
Front final drives (each hub)0.75 L (0.2 US gal) per hubCat GO (Gear Oil) meeting API GL-5. SAE 80W-90 for moderate climates, SAE 85W-140 for hot/Mediterranean climates — same fill as the front differential.
Rear axle differential (integrated housing, includes rear final drives)18.5 L (4.9 US gal)Cat TDTO (Transmission/Drive Train Oil), SAE 10W-30, for moderate climates — this axle shares Cat's drive-train oil spec rather than a conventional gear oil because the rear final drives are combined with the differential in one sump.
Hydraulic system (tank/reservoir)36 to 38 L (9.5 to 10.0 US gal) tank oil fill; total system (tank plus lines and cylinders) closer to 80 L (21 US gal) per the factory hydraulics reference for this chassis family — varies by configuration.Cat TDTO (Transmission/Drive Train Oil), SAE 10W for cold climates, SAE 30 for moderate/Mediterranean climates — hydraulic and powertrain share the same fluid spec on this generation.
Grease (all fittings/pins and bushings)Spec only — no fill volumeCat multipurpose grease (MPGM), NLGI 2, molybdenum disulfide-fortified for pin and bushing points.
Backhoe extendable stick (slide rails)Spec only — no fill volumeOpen-gear/slide compound, NLGI 0/1 grade, for the extendable-stick wear surfaces.

Capacities are refill values from factory literature — always fill to the dipstick/sight gauge, not the number.

Caterpillar 438 maintenance schedule

Service intervalTasks
Every 10 h
  • Check engine oil level before starting the 4.236 diesel and top off as needed
  • Check hydraulic tank oil level with the backhoe folded to transport position
  • Drain water and sediment from the fuel/water separator bowl
  • Inspect extendable-dipperstick wear pads for looseness on extendahoe-equipped units
  • Grease backhoe boom, stick, bucket, and swing-frame pivot pins weekly
  • Walk around the machine checking for leaks, loose fasteners, and tire condition
Every 250 h
  • Inspect the engine air filter primary element and service indicator, cleaning if restricted
  • Check and adjust parking brake holding capacity
  • Inspect alternator and fan V-belt tension and condition
  • Lubricate front kingpin and wheel bearings on 2WD and 4WD front axles
  • Test service brakes and back-up alarm operation
Every 500 h
  • Clean or replace the engine air filter primary element
  • Lubricate loader bucket, lift-arm, and linkage pivot pins
  • Change front final drive oil on 4WD models and check level
  • Replace the hydraulic system oil filter
  • Replace the transmission oil filter and clean the magnetic screen housing
  • Clean the radiator core and check tire inflation
Every 1,000 h
  • Change engine oil and filter on the naturally aspirated 4.236
  • Replace the engine air filter secondary element
  • Change transmission oil and clean the transmission magnetic screen
  • Replace the fuel/water separator element and prime the fuel system
  • Inspect ROPS mounting hardware for damage or looseness
Every 2,000 h
  • Check and adjust engine valve lash on the 4.236 diesel
  • Change hydraulic system oil
  • Test the secondary (manual backup) steering function
Every 3,000 h
  • Drain and refill the cooling system with conventional coolant and inspect the water temperature regulator
  • Pressure test the radiator cap and cooling system hoses
  • Inspect the front and rear final drive planetary reduction units for wear
Every 6,000 h
  • Inspect and rebuild king pin bushings and backhoe swing-frame bearings as a set
  • Evaluate the 4.236 block, head, and injection pump for an in-frame overhaul
  • Inspect stabilizer and boom cylinder pins and bushings for wear and replace as needed

Servicing the 438 beyond the schedule

Predictive Maintenance & Fluid Analysis

On the 438's naturally aspirated 4.236 diesel, oil sampling at each 250-hour interval catches bore glazing and injector wear before they show up as smoke or lost power. Watch hydraulic oil for water intrusion around the backhoe swing cylinder seals and check transmission oil for clutch material at every filter change. Coolant testing matters on machines still running conventional coolant instead of extended-life fluid, since these units are now over three decades old and heat-cycle fatigue in the radiator and water pump is common.

Corrective & Common Repairs

Common failures on the 438 center on the hydrostatic steering unit losing response, worn kingpin bushings causing front-axle knock, and leaking backhoe swing cylinder seals from age-hardened rubber. The 4-speed synchromesh transmission's reversing shuttle clutch packs wear with heavy shuttle-shifting and need periodic pressure checks. Stabilizer cylinder drift and loader lift-arm pin wear are frequent complaints on high-hour machines. Because parts support for the naturally aspirated 4.236 is thinning, sourcing injectors, pumps, and gaskets ahead of a failure keeps this backhoe working instead of parked.

Overhaul & Rebuild Points

A 438 heading for overhaul usually needs the 4.236 block bored and sleeved, injector pump recalibrated, and head resurfaced after decades of duty cycles the naturally aspirated engine wasn't designed to see today. Planetary final drives at the front and rear axles wear at the reduction gears and need bearing and seal kits at teardown. Backhoe boom and stick bushings, along with the swing-frame pins, are worth replacing as a set rather than one at a time once play develops in the linkage.

Seasonal & Environment Servicing

Cold-weather starts on the naturally aspirated 4.236 depend on healthy glow plugs or ether-start systems and correctly rated engine oil viscosity, since the engine has no turbo to help compensate for thin cold oil. In hot, dusty environments, clean the radiator core and check the primary air filter more often than the 500-hour default, since the 438's engine bay traps debris around the compact toolbox layout. Wet-season work demands more frequent hydraulic oil and fuel/water separator checks given the machine's era-appropriate seal materials.

438 common service parts

Part numberPart
8T-6655Film-Identification (On Fuel Filter)Check fitment →
8T-6656Film-Identification (On Oil Filter)Check fitment →

Always confirm against your machine's serial number — cross-check any part in Heavy Parts AI before ordering.

438 fault codes & troubleshooting

CodeMeaningLikely causeWhat to do
Coolant Temperature warning lamp (red thermometer symbol) + buzzerEngine coolant temperature above normal operating rangeLow coolant level, clogged radiator fins, slipping or failed fan belt, faulty temperature senderIdle engine, check coolant level when safe, inspect radiator and belt before resuming work
Engine Oil Pressure warning lamp (red oil-can symbol) + buzzerEngine oil pressure below normal operating rangeLow oil level, worn oil pump, blocked suction screen, faulty pressure sender or switchShut engine down immediately, check oil level and for leaks before restart
Charging System warning lamp (battery symbol)Alternator not charging or charging system voltage out of rangeBroken or slipping alternator belt, worn brushes, bad regulator, loose or corroded wiringCheck belt tension and battery wiring, test alternator output with machine at operating rpm
Air Cleaner Restriction indicator (yellow filter symbol / air-cleaner service indicator)Intake air restriction has reached the service limitClogged primary air filter element, dust or debris packed in the housingInspect and clean or replace the air filter element, reset the restriction indicator
Hydraulic Filter Bypass/Restriction lampHydraulic return or charge filter has bypassed due to excess restrictionLoaded or clogged hydraulic filter element, cold oil viscosity, contaminated hydraulic oilLet hydraulic oil warm up, then check and replace the filter element if the lamp stays on
Parking Brake engaged warning lampParking brake is applied while transmission is placed in gearOperator has not released parking brake, or brake switch/solenoid faultConfirm parking brake lever position, check brake switch and wiring if lamp stays lit with brake released
Transmission/Torque Converter Oil Temperature gauge - high readingTransmission or torque converter oil running hotter than normalLow transmission oil level, clogged oil cooler, prolonged torque-converter stall (e.g. digging against a stuck bucket)Reduce load, let oil cool, then check fluid level and cooler for blockage
Fuel Level Low warning lampFuel tank level near emptyNormal fuel consumption, or a fuel gauge sender fault if the lamp is inconsistent with the tankRefuel; if lamp behavior does not match actual tank level, check the sender and wiring

Codes and remedies are general guidance for this model family — always confirm with diagnostic tooling and your dealer before major repairs.

438 attachments & work tools

Front loader buckets

General-purpose and multi-purpose (4-in-1) front buckets sized around 1.0-1.3 m3 (1.3-1.7 yd3) with widths near 2.4 m (94 in), matched to this class's loader lift and breakout ratings. Side-dump front buckets are also offered for confined-space spoil placement.

Backhoe digging buckets

Standard and heavy-duty digging buckets for this class typically run roughly 300-900 mm (12-36 in) wide, with narrow trenching buckets down to about 300 mm (12 in) and wider ditch-cleaning/grading buckets. Bucket width is matched to stick reach and rated bucket digging force, which differs slightly between standard-stick and extended-stick configurations.

Hydraulic hammers/breakers

A mid-size hydraulic hammer, rated across roughly the 414-444 backhoe loader range, fits this machine for concrete, asphalt, rock breaking and frost-ground work. Hammer selection depends on carrier hydraulic flow and stick weight rating rather than one fixed size.

Pallet forks

Front-mount pallet forks fit the loader arm for palletized material handling, bagged aggregate, and yard/landscape work, mounted through the same front coupler or pin-on frame used for the loader bucket.

Brooms

Front-mount pickup or utility sweep brooms clear job sites and paved surfaces, typically driven hydraulically off the loader auxiliary circuit.

Augers

Rear-mounted augers bore post holes and small foundation holes, driven from the backhoe hydraulic circuit through a dedicated auger drive head; bit diameter is chosen for the job rather than fixed to the carrier.

Compaction tools

Rear-mount plate compactors and compaction wheels pack trench backfill and pipe bedding, powered from the backhoe hydraulic circuit in the same way as a hammer or auger.

Hydraulic thumb

An optional hydraulic thumb pairs with the backhoe bucket for grabbing rock, debris, and demolition material, run from a dedicated auxiliary hydraulic function.

Coupler/mounting system

The factory quick-coupler for this class is a Cat pin-lock design (mechanical or hydraulic release), compatible with Wain-Roy and Gannon-style buckets. This machine's operating weight sits near the boundary between quarter-yard and half-yard coupler families, so pin spacing should be confirmed against the specific unit before ordering tools.

Auxiliary hydraulics for attachments

Backhoe circuit relief pressure and flow figures vary by series: documented figures for this class range roughly 186-207 bar (2700-3000 psi) relief pressure and around 138 L/min (36.5 gal/min) flow. Match any hammer, auger, or compactor to the specific unit's rated flow and pressure, not a single class-wide figure.

Extendable stick (Extendahoe)

A factory-optional extendible dipper stick adds dig depth and reach beyond the standard-stick figures for this class. Standard-stick and extended-stick dig depth, reach, and lift capacity are published as separate rating sets.

Backhoe pivot configuration

Offered in both center-pivot and side-shift backhoe swing-frame arrangements. Side-shift versions let the backhoe trench alongside walls, curbs, or obstructions without repositioning the whole machine.

Drivetrain configuration

Available in 2-wheel-drive and 4-wheel-drive versions with a multi-speed power-shift transmission; 4WD is common at this machine's operating weight for tool-carrying stability and traction.

All 438 assemblies by section

Every catalogued assembly group for the Caterpillar 438. Open an assembly to preview the parts inside — full OEM part numbers are available in Heavy Parts AI.

Backhoe
9r6147 Boom Gp
9r6318 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6330 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r5630 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6418 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6524 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6618 Bucket Gp-Rock
9r6324 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6336 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6518 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6530 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6424 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6536 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6412 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r5618 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6430 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r5624 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6624 Bucket Gp-Rock
9r6512 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6312 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6436 Bucket Gp-Hoe
9r6151 Frame Gp-Swing
9r0040 Linkage Gp-Backhoe Bucket
9r0040 Linkage Gp-Bucket-Backhoe
9r2961 Mounting Gp-Bucket-Extended Stick
9r0868 Pad Gp-Street
9r1259 Stabilizer Gp-Side Shift
9r0793 Stick Ar-Extendable
3D***24O-Ring - For Oil Drain & Level Plug (Items 3 & 7)2
9R***93Stick Ar-Extendable1
9R***07Hydraulic Ar; Hydraulic Arrangement1
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9r6118 Stick Gp-Extension
9R***18Stick Group-Extension; Stick Gp-Extendable1
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9r6188 Stick Gp-Extendable
9r5120 Stick Gp-Extendable
9R***20Stick Group-Extension; Stick Gp-Extendable1
9R***18Stick Group-Extension; Stick Gp-Extendable1
9R***88Stick Group-Extension1
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9r6149 Stick Gp-Hoe
9w1251 Tip Gp-Abrasive
7t4672 Tip Gp-Penetration
9j3172 Tip Gp-Short
Tips
1U***01Tip-Short0
1U***02Tip-Penetration; (Long)0
1U***09Tip-Penetration0
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9r5866 Tooth Gp-Uni Bolt-On
9w1880 Tooth Gp-Uni Bolt-On
Basic Engine
7c3734 Camshaft Gp
7w6206 Cover Gp-Valve Mechanism
7c3732 Crankshaft Gp
7c8213 Crankshaft Gp
7c6070 Cylinder Block As
7c6071 Cylinder Block Gp
7c3735 Cylinder Head Gp
7C***35Cylinder Head Group; Head Gp-Cylinder1
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7c3188 Cylinder Head Gp
7c7901 Engine Ar-Primary
1W***78Gear Group-Front; Gear Gp-Front Idler1
1W***57Pump Group-Engine Oil1
2W***70Lines Group-Engine Oil1
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7w6212 Flywheel Gp
1w7878 Gear Gp-Front
1W***78Gear Group-Front; Gear Gp-Front Idler1
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9y5003 Gear Gp-Front Idler
9Y***03Gear Group-Front; Gear Gp-Front Idler1
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7c3827 Housing Gp-Front Engine
7C***27Housing Group-Front; Housing Gp-Front Engine1
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7w6277 Lifting Gp-Engine
06***43Plate-Front1
0T***03Bolt Bracket To Starting Engine Fuel Tank2
5B***08Bolt-To Front Lifting Plate Thru2
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7w1516 Mounting Gp-Engine
7c6073 Pan Gp-Oil
7w2511 Rod & Piston Gp
7W***11Piston & Rod Group; Rod & Piston Gp1
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7c3736 Pulley Gp-Crankshaft
7w6204 Valve Mechanism Gp
Brakes And Drive Axle
9r5230 Axle As-Drive-Part 1 Of 2
9r5230 Axle As-Drive-Part 2 Of 2
9r6693 Axle As-Rear Drive-Part 2 Of 2
9r6693 Axle As-Rear Drive-Part 1 Of 2
9r1056 Axle Gp-Drive
9r5434 Brake Gp-Parking
9r6508 Brake Gp-Parking
9r0169 Control Gp-Differential Lock
9R***69Control Group-Differential Lock1
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9r0318 Control Gp-Parking Brake
9r6459 Control Gp-Parking Brake
9r0030 Control Gp-Foot Brake
9r1233 Guard Gp-Drive Shaft
9R***33Guard Group-Drive Shaft; -All Wheel Drive-All Wheel Steer1
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9r1231 Shaft Gp-Front Drive
02***87Fitting-Grease; (Universal Joint)1
05***13Spider & Bearing Group2
10***26Bolt; (M24x19.1-mm)8
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9r033 Drive Shaft Gp
Chassis
9r0782 Battery Box Gp
9r0900 Bumper Gp-Front
9r0012 Counterweight Gp
9r0704 Counterweight Gp
9r2657 Cover Gp-Fender
9r2714 Door Gp-Side-Lh
9r2713 Door Gp-Side-Rh
9r2564 Enclosure Gp-Engine
9r0364 Extension Gp-Fender
9r2715 Fender Gp-Front
9r1105 Frame Gp-Loader
9r1541 Frame Gp-Sliding
9r1715 Guard Gp-Hose
9r0015 Guard & Hood Gp
9r2712 Hood Gp
Cooling
7c2240 Cooler Gp-Hydraulic Oil
2w9715 Fan Gp-Suction
7w6224 Lines Gp-Water
2w9709 Mounting Gp-Radiator & Transmission Cooler
2W***09Mounting Group-Rad & Tmsn Cooler1
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7w6225 Pump Gp-Water
9y5837 Radiator Gp
Front Loader
9r0035 Arm Gp-Lift
9r0036 Brace Gp-Lift Cylinder
9r6090 Bucket Ar-Multi-Purpose-Loader
9R***07Lines Group-Hydraulic; Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Multi-Purpose Bucket.1
9R***93Control Group-Bucket; Control Gp-Bucket-Valve Multi-Purpose1
9R***90Bucket Ar-Multipurpose; Bucket Arrangement-Multi-Purpose1
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9r6089 Bucket Ar-Multi-Purpose-Loader
9R***07Lines Group-Hydraulic; Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Multi-Purpose Bucket.1
9R***93Control Group-Bucket; Control Gp-Bucket-Valve Multi-Purpose1
9R***89Bucket Ar-Multipurpose; Bucket Arrangement-Multi-Purpose1
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9r6093 Bucket Ar-Multi-Purpose-Loader
9R***68Mounting Group-Bucket Cylinder; -Multipurpose Bucket1
9R***99Fork Group1
9R***88Lines Group-Bucket; Lines Gp-Multi-Purpose Bucket1
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9r6092 Bucket Ar-Multi-Purpose-Loader
9R***68Mounting Group-Bucket Cylinder; -Multipurpose Bucket1
9R***87Bucket Group-Multipurpose; Bucket Gp-Multi-Purpose1
9R***88Lines Group-Bucket; Lines Gp-Multi-Purpose Bucket1
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9r5202 Bucket As-General Purpose
9r5787 Bucket Gp-Multi-Purpose
9R***87Bucket Group-Multipurpose; Bucket Gp-Multi-Purpose1
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9r5789 Bucket Gp-Multi-Purpose
9R***89Bucket Group-Multipurpose; Bucket Gp-Multi-Purpose1
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9r5320 Edge Gp-Cutting
9r5416 Fork Ar
9R***99Fork Group1
9R***16Fork Ar1
9R***30Mounting Group-Fork1
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9r5399 Fork Gp
9r5137 Linkage Gp-Bucket-Front
9r1807 Lock Gp-Transport
9r6851 Lock Gp-Transport
9r5430 Mounting Gp-Fork
Fuel System And Governor
9r0011 Control Gp-Governor & Accelerator
9R***11Control Group-Gov & Accelerator1
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7w7627 Filter Gp-Fuel
9r0019 Lines Gp-Fuel
7w6228 Lines Gp-Fuel Filter
7w6230 Lines Gp-Fuel Injection
7c2799 Pump Gp-Fuel
7c9634 Pump Gp-Fuel Injection
9y5809 Pump Gp-Fuel Injection
03***65Dowel1
03***57Stud3
03***08Gear1
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7w9458 Separator Gp-Water
9r0025 Tank Gp-Fuel
Hydraulics
9t3877 Valve Gp-Pressure & Flow Compensator
9T***77Valve Group-Press & Flow Cmpnstr; (Pressure, Flow Compensator)1
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9r1893 Control Gp-Multipurpose Bucket Valve
9R***93Control Group-Bucket; Control Gp-Bucket-Valve Multi-Purpose1
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9r0216 Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-L.H.
9R***16Control Group-Valve; Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-L.H1
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9r2113 Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-R.H.
9R***13Control Group-Valve; Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-R.H1
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9t1919 Conversion Gp-6 To 8
9t1917 Conversion Gp-2 To 3
9T***17Conversion Group; Conversion-Field-2 To 3 Valve1
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9t1918 Conversion Gp-6 To 7
9T***18Conversion Group; Conversion-Field-6 To 7 Valve1
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9t1920 Conversion Gp-7 To 8
9T***20Conversion Group; Conversion-Field-7 To 8 Valve1
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9r0069 Coupling Gp-Pump
9t5219 Cylinder Gp-Boom
9t4006 Cylinder Gp-Multipurpose Bucket-2 Required
9T***06Cylinder Group-Bucket; Cylinder Gp-Multi-Purpose Bucket1
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9t7288 Cylinder Gp-Backhoe Bucket (Chg 05)
9t7288 Cylinder Gp-Backhoe Bucket (Chg 00)
9t4809 Cylinder Gp-Extendable Stick
9T***09Cylinder Group-Extendable Stick1
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9t0415 Cylinder Gp-Loader Lift-2 Required
9t0527 Cylinder Gp-Stabilizer-Sideshift
9t9709 Cylinder Gp-Stabilizer-Sideshift
9t7291 Cylinder Gp-Stick
9t0421 Cylinder Gp-Swing-L.H.
9t0420 Cylinder Gp-Swing-R.H.
9t5371 Cylinder Gp-Tilt
9r2880 Guard Gp-Hose Lines
Hydraulic Arrangements
9R***07Lines Group-Hydraulic; Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Multi-Purpose Bucket.1
9R***16Control Group-Valve; Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-L.H1
9R***93Control Group-Bucket; Control Gp-Bucket-Valve Multi-Purpose1
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9r0556 Kickout & Positioner Gp
9t8656 Kit-Service-Control Valve
6E***83Stem As-Stick1
6E***84Stem As-Boom1
9T***56Kit-Control Valve Service1
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9r6704 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder-Part 5 Of 5 (Cosa)
9r6704 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder-Part 1 Of 5 (Cosa)
9r6704 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder-Part 3 Of 5 (Cosa)
9r6704 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder-Part 4 Of 5 (Cosa)
9r6704 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder-Part 2 Of 5 (Cosa)
9r0053 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder
9r5788 Lines Gp-Multi-Purpose Bucket
9R***88Lines Group-Bucket; Lines Gp-Multi-Purpose Bucket1
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9r6856 Lines Gp-Bucket Cylinder
9r0054 Lines Gp-Hoe Bucket Cylinder
9r3996 Lines Gp-Check Valve
9r2962 Lines Gp-Cylinder
9r1563 Lines Gp-Hydraulic-3 Circuit-Part 1 Of 2
9r7019 Lines Gp-Hydraulic-3 Circuit-Part 1 Of 2
9r1563 Lines Gp-Hydraulic-3 Circuit-Part 2 Of 2
9r0207 Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Part 2 Of 2
9R***07Lines Group-Hydraulic; Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Multi-Purpose Bucket.1
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9r0207 Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Part 1 Of 2
9R***07Lines Group-Hydraulic; Lines Gp-Hydraulic-Multi-Purpose Bucket.1
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9r7019 Lines Gp-Hydraulic-3 Circuit-Part 2 Of 2
9r3330 Lines Gp-Hydraulic Oil Cooler
9R***30Lines Group-Hydraulic Oil Cooler1
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9r3334 Lines Gp-Pump-Front Hydraulic-Part 3 Of 3
9r3334 Lines Gp-Pump-Front Hydraulic-Part 1 Of 3
9r3334 Lines Gp-Pump-Front Hydraulic-Part 2 Of 3
9r0055 Lines Gp-Lift Cylinder
9r6691 Lines Gp-Lift Cylinder
9r6923 Lines Gp-Shutoff (Tuv)
9R***23Lines Group-Shutoff; Lines Gp-Shutoff (Tuv)1
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9r1562 Lines Gp-Sideshift Lock
9r7028 Lines Gp-Sideshift Lock
9r1557 Lines Gp-Stabilizer-Hydraulic
9r1557 Lines Gp-Stablizer-Hydraulic
9r1561 Lines Gp-Extendable Stick-Part 2 Of 2
9r1561 Lines Gp-Extendable Stick-Part 1 Of 2
9r6857 Lines Gp-Extended Stick-Part 1 Of 2
9r6857 Lines Gp-Extended Stick-Part 2 Of 2
9r6716 Lines Gp-Stick-Hydraulic Lock (Cosa)
9r0058 Lines Gp-Stick
9r1560 Lines Gp-Swing Cylinder
9r0059 Lines Gp-Tilt Cylinder
9r0747 Lines Gp-Valve-Hydraulic
Lock Arrangements
3D***24O-Ring - For Oil Drain & Level Plug (Items 3 & 7)1
9R***16Control Group-Valve; Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-L.H1
9R***13Control Group-Valve; Control Gp-Valve-Mounting & Pedal-R.H1
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9r4668 Mounting Gp-Cylinder
9R***68Mounting Group-Bucket Cylinder; -Multipurpose Bucket1
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9r0421 Pedal Gp-Lock-L.H.
9r0459 Pedal Gp-Lock R.H.
9t4833 Pump Gp-Piston Slipper*R
9r0064 Tank & Filter Gp-Hydraulic
9t8418 Valve Gp-7
9T***18Valve Group; Valve Gp-7 Circuit1
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9t9048 Valve Gp-7
9t6403 Valve Gp-Swing Control
9t9049 Valve Gp-8
9t8417 Valve Gp-6
9t8419 Valve Gp-8
9t9047 Valve Gp-6
9t7933 Valve Gp-Swing Control
9t7938 Valve Gp-6
9t7939 Valve Gp-7
9t7940 Valve Gp-8
9t7293 Valve Gp-Loader Control-2 Circuit
9t7294 Valve Gp-Loader Control-3 Circuit
9T***94Valve Group-Bank; Valve Gp-Control-3 Circuit1
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9t7936 Valve Gp-Pilot Operated
9t0718 Valve Gp-Relief-Crossover
9T***18Valve Group-Check & Relief; -Crossover1
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9t1700 Valve Gp-Pressure & Flow Compensator
9t4468 Valve Gp-Extendable Stick/Auxiliary Control
9t7292 Valve Gp-Control
9t0626 Valve Gp-Control
9t7171 Valve Gp-Bucket Control
9T***71Valve Group-Control; (Bucket Control)1
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9t7937 Valve Gp-R.H. & L.H. Stabilizer Control
9T***37Valve Group-Control; (Stabilizer Control)1
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9t6401 Valve Gp-Control
9t7935 Valve Gp-Stick Control
9t7934 Valve Gp-Boom Control
9t9046 Valve Gp-Boom Control
9t0715 Valve Gp-Control
9t9927 Valve Gp-Manual (Tuv)
9t0633 Valve Gp
9T***33Valve Group-Priority Flow Divider; (Priority)1
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9t0634 Valve Gp-Relief-Return Restrictor
9t4752 Valve Gp-Relief-Swing Cylinder
9t8482 Valve Gp-Relief-Direct Operated
Intake And Exhaust System
2w9771 Air Cleaner Gp
7w2691 Air Cleaner Gp
9y5841 Lines Gp-Air
7w4476 Manifold Gp-Exhaust
7w4477 Manifold Gp-Inlet
9y0253 Muffler Gp
7c3465 Turbocharger Gp
7c3446 Turbocharger Gp
Lubrication System
7c2905 Oil Cooler & Filter Base Gp
7C***05Cooler Group-Filter Base & Eng Oil1
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7w6220 Filler Gp-Engine Oil
7W***20Filler Group-Oil; Filler Gp-Engine Oil1
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7w6218 Fumes Disposal Gp
7w6215 Gauge Gp-Oil Level (Dipstick)
7W***15Gauge Group-Oil Level (Dipstick)1
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7w6215 Gauge Gp-Oil Level
7W***15Gauge Group-Oil Level (Dipstick)1
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7e1409 Lines Gp-Engine Oil
2w7670 Lines Gp-Engine Oil
1w8357 Pump Gp-Engine Oil
Operator Platform
9r6881 Bar Gp-Latch
9r0710 Platform & Cab Ar
9R***73Wiper Group1
9R***10Cab & Platform Ar; Platform & Cab Ar1
9R***73Visor Group-Cab1
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9r1015 Platform & Cab Ar-Enclosed Cab
9R***18Lighting Group-Roading1
9R***73Wiper Group1
9R***15Cab & Platform Ar; Platform & Cab Ar1
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9r2099 Cab Ar
9R***23Lines Group-Heater1
9R***10Cab & Platform Ar; Platform & Cab Ar1
9R***44Heater Group-Cab1
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9r1014 Cab Ar-Enclosed
9R***23Lines Group-Heater1
9R***14Cab Ar1
9R***15Cab & Platform Ar; Platform & Cab Ar1
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9r5649 Cab Gp-Part 3 Of 3
9r5645 Cab Gp-Part 3 Of 3
9r5649 Cab Gp-Part 2 Of 3
9r5649 Cab Gp-Part 1 Of 3
9r5645 Cab Gp-Part 2 Of 3
9r5645 Cab Gp-Part 1 Of 3
9r1074 Console Gp-Front Cab
9R***74Console Group-Front; Console Gp-Front Cab1
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9r0013 Console Gp-Front-Rops
9r0482 Console Gp-Rear
9r0547 Console Gp-Instrument
9r2815 Control Gp-Backhoe
9r0044 Control Gp-Hydraulic Hand-Loader
9r2115 Control Gp-Hydraulic Hand
9r0031 Control Gp-Steering & Shuttle
9r0979 Control Gp-Transmission Hand
9r1850 Conversion Gp-Non Rops/Cab
9r2461 Cushion Gp-Arm
9r5651 Door Gp-Cab L.H.-Part 2 Of 2
9r5650 Door Gp-Cab R.H.-Part 1 Of 2
9r5651 Door Gp-Cab L.H.-Part 1 Of 2
9r5650 Door Gp-Cab R.H.-Part 2 Of 2
9r5542 Door Gp-L.H.
9r5543 Door Gp-R.H.
5d2855 Fan As-Defroster
9r2571 Fan Gp-Circulating
9r2608 Floormat Gp
9r0722 Floorplate Gp-Sideshift
9r5859 Floorplate Gp-Sideshift
9R***59Floorplate Group; Floorplate Gp-Sideshift1
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6t7884 Heater Gp-Part 2 Of 2
6t7884 Heater Gp-Part 1 Of 2
9r1044 Heater Gp-Cab
9r7930 Instrument Gp
9r0017 Instrument Gp
9r6507 Kit-Rail Conversion (Slide)
9R***07Kit-Rail Conversion; Kit-Conversion-Rail (Slide)1
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9r6489 Kit-Rail Conversion (Slide)
9R***89Kit-Rail Conversion; Kit-Conversion-Rail (Slide)1
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9r6494 Kit-Rail Conversion (Slide)
9R***94Kit-Rail Conversion; Kit-Conversion-Rail (Slide)1
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9r6506 Kit-Rail Conversion (Slide)
9R***06Kit-Rail Conversion; Kit-Conversion-Rail (Slide)1
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9r6800 Kit-Relay-Side Console
3S***93Strap-Cable-To Tie Harnesses Together4
5P***23Wire 4.55m (Br/Bk2); (1-Conn. Ether Starting System Sending Unit / 1-Conn. Solenoid Valve Ether Start System)0
7X***02Switch As-Magnetic1
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9r0223 Lines Gp-Heater
9r1806 Lock Gp-Hydraulic Hand Control
9R***06Lock Group-Hydraulic Hand Control1
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9r6144 Mirror Gp-Exterior-Cab
9r6059 Mirror Gp-Rear View-Canopy
9r5158 Mirror Gp-Rear View-Cab
9r1574 Mirror Gp
6v6561 Wiper Pivot Gp-Sensor
6V***61Pivot Group-Wiper Arm; (Wiper Arm)1
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9r5648 Platform Gp-Cab
9r5730 Platform Gp-Cab
9r7115 Platform Gp-Sideshift
9R***15Platform Group-Operator; Platform Gp-Sideshift1
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9r2721 Platform & Rollover Ar
9R***18Lighting Group-Roading1
9R***23Rops Group; Rops Gp-Protection1
9R***74Mirror Group-Rear View1
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9r0767 Rollover Ar-Canopy
9R***13Console Group-Front-Rops1
9R***67Rops Ar1
9R***53Seat Group-Suspension; -Vinyl1
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9r0023 Rops Gp
9r0024 Seat Gp-Reversible
9r6486 Seat Gp-Static
9r2652 Seat Gp-Suspension-Cloth-With Armrest
9r6488 Seat Gp-Suspension-Cloth
9r6487 Seat Gp-Suspension-Vinyl
9r2653 Seat Gp-Suspension
9r2390 Speedometer Gp
9r0675 Tachometer Gp-Electric
9r1573 Visor Gp-Cab
9r2100 Washer Gp-Windshield
9r0673 Wiper Gp-Part 2 Of 2
9r0673 Wiper Gp-Part 1 Of 2
6t6530 Wiper Gp-Windshield
9r1172 Wiring Gp-Wiper
Service Equipment And Supplies
8c3989 Name Plates & Transfers
1P***07Film-Symbol; 2 On Bottom Of Upper Frame Below Engine. 2 On Front Of Upper Frame Above Boom Articulation2
2H***57Tag-Antifreeze1
5P***10Film-Caution; Below Heat Start Switch On Dash1
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Starting And Electrical System
2w9774 Alternator Gp
7t2876 Alternator Gp-Charging
9r0028 Battery & Wiring Gp-Part 2 Of 3
9r0028 Battery & Wiring Gp-Part 1 Of 3
9r0028 Battery & Wiring Gp-Part 3 Of 3
9r1195 Battery Gp-Heavy Duty
9r1216 Battery Gp-Heavy Duty
9r0016 Horn Gp-Electric
7t0618 Lamp Gp
7t7103 Lamp Gp-Head & Turn-L.H. (Right Dip)
7t7104 Lamp Gp-Head & Turn-R.H. (Right Dip)
7x6108 Lamp Gp-Head & Turn-L.H. (Left Dip)
7x6109 Lamp Gp-Head & Turn-R.H. (Left Dip)
9r1426 Lighting Gp-Front Work
9R***26Lighting Group-Front; Lighting Gp-Front Work1
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9r3407 Lighting Gp-Rear Work
9r6510 Lighting Gp-Roading (L.H. Dip)
7X***08Lamp Group-Head & Turn; -Lh1
7X***09Lamp Group-Head & Turn; -Rh1
9R***10Lighting Group-Roading; -Lh Dip1
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9r0018 Lighting Gp-Roading-Canopy
9r1174 Lighting Gp-Roading
9r1215 Lighting Gp-Warning
9r6474 Starting Aid-Ether
7x1361 Starting Motor Gp-Electric
7n8000 Switch As
7N***00Switch As-Toggle; (Warning Light)1
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7n8001 Switch As
7N***01Switch As-Toggle; -Prelubrication Override-Crank Override1
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9g7641 Switch Gp
9G***41Switch Group-Start; -Engine, Key-Vims Service1
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9r2174 Warning Gp-Backup
9r2818 Wiring & Lighting Gp
9R***18Wiring & Lighting Group; Wiring Gp-Lighting & Roading1
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Steering
9r6206 Axle Ar-Front Steer
9R***10Axle Group-Front1
9R***47Steering Group-Hydraulic1
9R***43Wheel & Tire Group-Front; -Front1
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9r4048 Axle As-Drive & Steer-Part 1 Of 3
9r4048 Axle As-Drive & Steer-Part 3 Of 3
9r4048 Axle As-Drive & Steer-Part 2 Of 3
9r4047 Axle Gp-Drive & Steer
9R***25Bearing - Sleeve2
9R***47Axle Group-Drive & Steering-Front1
9R***48Axle As-Drive & Steering1
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9r0010 Axle Gp-Front
9t1493 Cylinder Gp-Steering
9r6261 Lines Gp-Steering-Part 2 Of 2
9r6229 Lines Gp-Steering-Front
9r6261 Lines Gp-Steering-Part 1 Of 2
4t6896 Pump Gp-Hand Metering
9r2047 Steering Gp-Hydraulic
9r6203 Wheel & Tire Ar
9R***73Wheel & Tire Group-Rear1
9R***03Wheel & Tire Ar1
9R***78Wheel & Tire Group-Front1
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9r6479 Wheel & Tire Gp-Front-L.H.
9R***79Wheel & Tire Group-Front; -Front, Lh1
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9r6478 Wheel & Tire Gp-Front
9r6480 Wheel & Tire Gp-Front-R.H.
9R***80Wheel & Tire Group-Front; -Front, Rh1
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9r6174 Wheel & Tire Gp-Rear L.H.
9R***74Wheel & Tire Group-Rear; Wheel & Tire Gp-Rear-Lh1
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9r6177 Wheel & Tire Gp-Rear R.H.
9R***77Wheel & Tire Group-Rear; Wheel & Tire Gp-Rear-Rh1
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9r6173 Wheel & Tire Gp-Rear
5P***48Washer--Bracket To L.H. Support Rail16
6B***82Nut Cylinder Block To Head Assembly16
9R***73Wheel & Tire Group-Rear1
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9r5243 Wheel & Tire Gp-Front
5P***48Washer--Bracket To L.H. Support Rail16
6B***82Nut Cylinder Block To Head Assembly16
9R***30Wheel & Tire Group-Front-Lh; -Front, Lh1
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9r2730 Wheel & Tire Gp-Front-L.H.
9R***30Wheel & Tire Group-Front-Lh; -Front, Lh1
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9r0983 Wiring Gp-Front Drive
9R***83Wiring Group-Front; Wiring Gp-Front Drive1
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Transmission
9w1355 Drive Gp-Flexible
9r1040 Filler Gp-Power Train Oil
9r0032 Lines Gp-Power Train Oil Cooler
9w8111 Mounting Gp-Transmission
6t9519 Solenoid As
6y5385 Transmission Ar
6Y***98Transmission Group-Direct Drive; Transmission Gp1
6Y***85Transmission Ar1
8E***35Torque Converter As1
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9w7920 Transmission Gp-Part 3 Of 3
9W***20Transmission Group; Transmission Gp-Direct Drive1
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9w7920 Transmission Gp-Part 2 Of 3
9W***20Transmission Group; Transmission Gp-Direct Drive1
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9w7920 Transmission Gp-Part 1 Of 3
9W***20Transmission Group; Transmission Gp-Direct Drive1
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6y2598 Transmission Gp-Direct Drive-Part 4 Of 4
6Y***98Transmission Group-Direct Drive; Transmission Gp1
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6y2598 Transmission Gp-Direct Drive-Part 1 Of 4
6Y***98Transmission Group-Direct Drive; Transmission Gp1
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6y2598 Transmission Gp-Direct Drive-Part 2 Of 4
6Y***98Transmission Group-Direct Drive; Transmission Gp1
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6y2598 Transmission Gp-Direct Drive-Part 3 Of 4
6Y***98Transmission Group-Direct Drive; Transmission Gp1
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9w6500 Valve Gp-Transmission Control
6y7468 Valve Gp-Transmission Control
6Y***68Valve Group-Pressure Compensator; (1/8-27thd Hex-Countersunk)1
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438 serial number reference

On 438-family backhoe loaders the PIN plate sits on the left side of the machine frame, above the boom/cylinder arm base near the cab mount. The plate stamps the full PIN: the first three characters are the letter/number prefix tying the unit to a model, series, and configuration, followed by a five-digit sequence number tracking build order within that prefix.

PrefixIdentifies
3DJ438 backhoe loader (original series, incl. Series II)
3KK438B backhoe loader
2DR438C backhoe loader, side-shift/parallel-lift configuration
1TR438C backhoe loader, side-shift/parallel-lift configuration
1JR438C backhoe loader, side-shift single-tilt configuration (transitions to center-pivot single-tilt at the tail of the range)
9KN438C backhoe loader, center-pivot single-tilt configuration
BPN438D backhoe loader
BPE438D backhoe loader

Frequently asked questions

What engine does the Caterpillar 438 use?

The base 438 (Series II, serial prefix 3DJ) runs a naturally aspirated Cat 4.236 diesel, a 3.9 L (236 cu in) inline 4-cylinder rated about 77 net / 83 gross horsepower. Later 438B, 438C, and 438D models moved to the Cat 3054 engine family in naturally aspirated, turbocharged, and turbo direct-injection form - don't apply those engine specs to the original 438.

What is the operating weight of the Caterpillar 438?

Operating weight runs approximately 7,200 to 7,365 kg (15,840 to 16,240 lb) for the base 438 Series II, varying with 2WD vs 4WD axles, bucket selection, and stabilizer/backhoe configuration. Confirm the exact figure against the machine's specific configuration and attachments.

What replaced the Caterpillar 438?

The 438 Series II was replaced by the 438B (about 1992-1996, serial prefix 3KK), which adopted the Cat 3054 engine. The lineage continued through the 438C and 438D with turbocharged, direct-injection versions of the 3054, each keeping the same wheeled backhoe-loader layout while updating power and emissions technology.

What 438 owners discuss

What engine does a base Cat 438 backhoe loader actually have, and does it differ from the 438B/438C/438D?
The original/Series II 438 (built roughly 1988-1990) runs a naturally aspirated 4-cylinder diesel in the 4.236 displacement class, rated around 57-62 kW (77-83 hp) depending on source and configuration. Later revisions moved to a different engine family entirely: the heavier turbocharged Cat 3054-series engine, with higher output. Don't assume troubleshooting notes, injector part numbers, or turbo components from a 438B/C/D carry over to a plain 438 — confirm the engine tag and serial prefix before ordering parts or diagnosing a fuel or turbo complaint.
Owners report power loss and a rough idle that gets worse once the engine is warm — what's the usual cause?
Across this generation of mechanically-injected engines, the most consistently reported cause is air entering the fuel supply between tank/filter and injection pump, not a bad injection pump. Watch a clear section of fuel hose for bubbles at idle versus under load. Hard plastic (polyethylene/nylon) fuel hose is a repeat failure point since it stiffens and cracks in cold weather and lets air in; flexible synthetic hose is the fix mechanics settle on. If the machine has a diaphragm-type electric lift pump, it typically won't self-prime once air gets in, so proper priming after any hose work matters. If bleeding the fuel system doesn't fix it, have your dealer verify injection pump and timing before further teardown.
What transmission complaints come up for this backhoe loader family, and specifically the powershift-equipped 438?
Two patterns repeat. On powershift units: sluggish or multi-second-delayed forward/reverse engagement, usually traced to worn valve-body tolerances, low or dirty transmission fluid, or a failing neutral-safety/direction switch buried in the harness near the shift lever — not the clutch packs themselves. On manual-shuttle transmissions, the shuttle linkage where the rod enters the top of the transmission is a known wear/disconnect point. Cold, heavy transmission oil is also blamed for hard or no engagement into forward on a cold start. Have a dealer or tech confirm actual clutch-pack condition before assuming the worst.
Boom, stick, or stabilizers settle down on their own after sitting overnight — normal wear or something bigger?
This is one of the most common complaints on backhoes of this size and age. Drift traces almost always to worn cylinder piston seals rather than external plumbing. On stabilizers specifically, both the pilot-operated check valve and the cylinder seal typically have to be leaking together to produce visible drift, so a cylinder reseal is the usual fix rather than swapping the valve alone. Front loader cylinders commonly need repacking before roughly 5,000 hours of use; rear backhoe cylinders even sooner. A field diagnostic mechanics use: warm the machine, load a cylinder, shut down, and listen for a hiss at the rod seal. Safety-critical seal or valve work — have your dealer verify before returning the machine to full load service.
What undercarriage/front-axle wear pattern shows up most, and is 4x4 a weak point?
The recurring failure mode on this style of front axle (2wd and 4wd) is neglected king-pin greasing. Once the lower king-pin bearing race fails, metal debris chews out the machined bearing bore in the axle housing itself — a ductile-iron casting that can't be welded, so a worn bore usually means axle replacement rather than a weld repair. Check king-pin grease-fitting condition and play on any used unit. On 4x4-equipped machines, some owners report the electric front-axle engagement clutch blowing its fuse within minutes of use, which points to a shorted or overloaded clutch coil rather than a bad fuse — bench-test the coil before repeatedly replacing fuses. Have your dealer verify axle bore condition if there's any detectable play before buying or returning to service.
Any electrical or sensor quirks specific to this era of Cat backhoe loader?
This generation predates complex electronic controls. Most switches are simple mechanical/electrical items (neutral-start, direction, 4x4 engagement) rather than sensor-driven, so a reported "sensor" fault usually turns out to be a stuck, corroded, or failed mechanical switch — commonly the shifter/loader-handle interlock — rather than an electronic module. The two switches called out most often as failure points are the transmission neutral-safety switch near the shift lever and the 4x4 engagement switch/solenoid. Trace wiring at these points before condemning bigger components.
What should I check before buying a used Cat 438?
With the boom on the ground, cycle every function and feel for play in the bucket, stick, boom, and swing-tower (kingpost) pins — looseness here means bushing replacement or, if the swing tower itself is worn, line boring, which runs from roughly $1,500 up to $6,000 or more depending on machine size (get a local quote, varies by shop and machine). Check king-pin play and grease-fitting condition on the front axle. Run the machine to full operating temperature, load a boom or stick cylinder, shut off, and listen for a hiss to check seal drift. Look for repair welds on the loader arms or main frame, a sign of prior hard use or a bent structure. Confirm the actual engine and transmission match the serial/prefix, since specs and parts differ across 438/438B/438C/438D. Have a dealer or tech run a full pin-and-bushing measurement against factory wear limits before you finalize the purchase.

Compiled from owner and technician discussions across the industry — experiences vary by serial range and machine history.

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