Caterpillar 231D
Caterpillarexcavator

Caterpillar 231D

Maintenance schedule, common problems & OEM parts breakdown

The Cat 231D is a 33-35 tonne class crawler hydraulic excavator built from 1989 to 1993, carrying factory serial prefixes 1NK (1989 start) and 5WJ (1991 start, coinciding with the LC variant). It runs a Cat 3208 or turbocharged 3208T V8 diesel rated around 200 hp (149 kW), a fully mechanical engine with a mechanical injection pump and no ECM or electronic diagnostics. Operating weight runs 33.6 to 35.5 tonnes (74,000 to 78,264 lb) depending on the standard or LC (long-carriage) undercarriage. Fuel tank capacity is 400 L (105.7 US gal), and the hydraulic system runs up to 4800 psi at 121 gpm. Cat offered the 231D with a choice of stick lengths and the standard or LC undercarriage and boom package; it replaced the Cat 229 in the excavator lineup.

The 231D paired the 225's upper structure, cab, and stick lineage with the heavier boom and undercarriage from the 235, giving Cat a mid-size machine with more digging force than the 225 without the cost of a full 235. Versus the 229 it replaced, factory changes added a bigger counterweight, more hydraulic horsepower, a redesigned upper frame, new stick options, a new one-piece boom, standard 2-speed travel, more drawbar pull, and a larger fuel tank. Cat retired the 231D nameplate without a direct successor: the mechanical 200-series family gave way to the electronically managed 300-series excavators (320/325/330) by the mid-1990s. In today's used and parts market, the 231D's simple mechanical fuel and engine systems appeal to owners who want a machine they can diagnose and rebuild without a laptop, and its shared design with the 225/235 family keeps common wear parts easy to source.

Below: full specifications, fluids & capacities, the factory service schedule, common service parts, verified fault codes, what owners discuss, attachment guidance, the complete assembly directory, and a serial-number reference. Complete parts lists with full OEM part numbers, exploded diagrams, quantities, and fitment data are available free in Heavy Parts AI.

Caterpillar 231D specifications

Engine

Engine modelCat 3208 diesel, V8 (some listings cite the turbocharged 3208T variant)
Cylinders / configuration8-cylinder V8, bore x stroke 114 x 127 mm (4.50 x 5.00 in)
Displacement10.4 L (634.7 cu in)
Power149 kW (200 hp) rated output (reported inconsistently as gross power in some places and net power in others)
Emissions tierNot documented. Machine predates modern emissions-tier regulation (production era late 1980s to early 1990s).

Weights

Operating weight, standard undercarriageapprox. 35,200 kg (77,600 lb)
Operating weight, LC (long-carriage) variantapprox. 35,500 kg (78,264 lb)
Operating weight, typical range35.2-35.5 t (77,600-78,300 lb); a lower figure near 34,500 kg (76,000 lb) is reported for some serial ranges — varies by configuration/series
Ground pressure60 kPa (8.7 psi) on standard undercarriage; approx. 47 kPa (6.8 psi) on the wider LC undercarriage
Transport weightNot separately published — use operating weight figures above

Dimensions

Transport lengthapprox. 10.8 m (35 ft 6 in)
Transport width (outside of tracks)approx. 3.45-3.47 m (11 ft 4 in - 11 ft 5 in)
Transport height (top of cab)approx. 3.38-3.48 m (11 ft 1 in - 11 ft 5 in)
Tail swing radius3.09-3.11 m (10.1-10.2 ft) standard undercarriage; 3.00-3.02 m (9.85-9.90 ft) on LC variant
Track shoe width815 mm (32.1 in), standard triple-grouser shoe
Ground clearance0.58-0.61 m (1.91-2.00 ft)
Undercarriage track gauge2.64-2.65 m (8.67-8.70 ft)
Configuration noteA narrower LC build (transport width 2.97 m, track shoe 600 mm) is reported for some units, conflicting with other figures — dimensions vary by configuration/series; verify against the machine serial plate.

Performance

Max digging depth, standard stick (2.9 m / 9 ft 6 in)6.94 m (22.77 ft)
Max digging depth, long stick (3.5 m / 11 ft 6 in)7.54-7.56 m (24.74-24.80 ft)
Max reach along ground, standard stick10.64-10.67 m (34.91-35.0 ft)
Max reach along ground, long stick11.20-11.22 m (36.75-36.80 ft)
Max cutting/loading heightapprox. 10.08-10.36 m (33.1-34.0 ft) with standard stick; a long-stick LC max loading height of 7.16-7.41 m (23.5-24.3 ft) is also reported — labeling and figures vary by configuration/series and stick length
Max travel speed5.5-5.6 km/h (3.4-3.5 mph)
Drawbar pullapprox. 300 kN (67,443 lbf)
Swing speedNot documented in available spec sheets
GradeabilityNot documented in available spec sheets

Forces

Bucket digging forceNot published in available spec sheets for this model
Stick/arm digging forceNot published in available spec sheets for this model (std vs long stick comparison not documented)

Service capacities (summary)

Fuel tank400 L (105.7 gal)
Hydraulic systemPump flow rated 458 L/min (121 gal/min) at relief valve pressure 33,095 kPa (4,800 psi); hydraulic tank volume not separately published
Engine oilNot documented for this machine installation in available spec sheets
Cooling systemNot documented for this machine installation in available spec sheets

Values vary by configuration, region, and serial range — confirm against your machine before planning transport or lifts.

231D fluids & capacities

SystemCapacityRecommended fluid
Engine crankcase (with filter)Not published in available sources for this chassis/serial range — depends on the oil pan fitted to the 3208 V8; check the OMM lubricant chart or the engine tag for the exact fill quantityCat Diesel Engine Oil (Cat DEO); viscosity grade selected by ambient temperature per Cat's engine oil chart, from SAE 10W in cold climates up to SAE 40 or 15W-40 multigrade in warmer ranges
Cooling systemNot published in available sources for this model — refer to the OMM lubricant chartCat heavy-duty diesel engine antifreeze/coolant (pre-ELC generation, conventional glycol-based formulation), mixed per Cat's cold-weather protection chart; do not run straight water
Fuel tank400 L (105.7 US gal)No. 2-D diesel fuel meeting Cat's fuel specification for the 3208 engine; use a winter-grade blend or fuel conditioner in cold climates to prevent gelling
Hydraulic system totalNot published in available sources — only pump flow (458 L/min, 121 US gpm) and main relief valve setting (33 095 kPa, 4800 psi) are documented for this model; total system oil volume not confirmedCat Hydraulic Oil is the primary factory fill; Cat TDTO (TO-4) drivetrain oil is listed as an accepted alternate when Cat Hydraulic Oil is not used, viscosity grade selected by ambient temperature
Hydraulic tankNot published in available sources for this model — refer to the OMM lubricant chartSame as hydraulic system: Cat Hydraulic Oil, or Cat TDTO (TO-4) as accepted alternate, viscosity by climate
Final drive (each)Not published in available sources for this model — final drives in this size class typically hold only a small oil volume each; confirm against the OMM lubricant chartCat TDTO (TO-4) drivetrain oil, viscosity grade selected by ambient temperature; do not substitute EP-type gear oils, they attack the seals
Swing driveNot published in available sources for this model — refer to the OMM lubricant chartCat TDTO (TO-4) drivetrain oil, same specification as the final drives
Pilot/other circuitsNot separately listed in available sources; the pilot circuit draws from the main hydraulic tank on this machine classSame fluid as the main hydraulic system — Cat Hydraulic Oil or Cat TDTO (TO-4)
Grease (chassis pins, bushings, linkage, slew ring)N/A — specification only, no fill volumeCat Multipurpose Grease, moly-fortified, NLGI 2, for boom/stick/bucket linkage pins and bushings and the swing-ring gear; matches the fill used in an automatic lube system where equipped

Capacities are refill values from factory literature — always fill to the dipstick/sight gauge, not the number.

Caterpillar 231D maintenance schedule

Service intervalTasks
Every 50 h
  • Check engine oil and coolant level on the 3208T before startup; this is a mechanical engine with no ECM warning lights, so a visual check is the only safeguard.
  • Drain water and sediment from the fuel tank sump and the primary fuel/water separator daily.
  • Grease boom, stick, and bucket linkage pins daily, and grease the swing bearing and swing gear teeth weekly.
  • Walk the undercarriage weekly and check track tension, idler and roller seals, and shoe bolts for looseness.
  • Check the hydraulic tank sight gauge and inspect the pump, valve bank, and cylinder rod seals for weeping or leaks.
  • Clean the turbocharger air intake precleaner and check the air filter restriction indicator weekly.
Every 250 h
  • Change engine oil and filter on the 3208T; shorten this interval toward 150-200 hours in hot or dusty digging conditions.
  • Check and retorque track shoe bolts on both standard and LC undercarriages.
  • Inspect and adjust alternator and fan belt tension.
  • Check coolant condition and corrosion inhibitor level.
  • Grease the full swing bearing race and gear teeth through a complete rotation.
Every 500 h
  • Replace primary and secondary fuel filters to protect the mechanical injection pump and injector timing.
  • Change the hydraulic return-line filter element.
  • Check final drive and swing drive oil levels and top off with factory-spec gear oil.
  • Clean the radiator and oil cooler cores of packed debris and check for bent fins.
  • Inspect boom, stick, and bucket cylinder rods for scoring or seal seepage.
Every 1,000 h
  • Change final drive oil on both travel motors.
  • Change swing drive housing oil.
  • Replace the primary engine air filter element regardless of the restriction gauge reading.
  • Pull a hydraulic oil sample for lab analysis; the system runs at 4800 psi relief pressure and 121 gpm pump flow, so contamination shows up fast.
  • Check track sag and adjust each side; measure shoe and bushing wear on the standard or LC undercarriage.
  • Check fuel injection pump timing and injector condition.
Every 2,000 h
  • Drain and replace hydraulic tank oil, or extend the interval based on verified fluid-analysis results.
  • Check and adjust valve lash on the 3208T's mechanical valvetrain.
  • Inspect turbocharger shaft end play, boost lines, and wastegate linkage.
  • Torque-check the swing bearing mounting bolts in sequence.
  • Flush the cooling system, pressure-test it, and replace coolant.
Every 4,000 h
  • Inspect final drive travel motor seals and sprocket teeth; replace if worn past factory tolerance.
  • Overhaul or exchange the fuel injection pump if timing drift or fuel delivery issues persist.
  • Replace hydraulic hoses showing age-hardening or cover cracking regardless of visible leakage.
  • Inspect the swing bearing raceway for pitting and measure bearing play and backlash.
Every 6,000 h
  • Budget for a top-end or full inline rebuild of the 3208T: turbocharger, injectors, injection pump, and liners/pistons as measured.
  • Inspect and, if needed, rebuild the swing and final drive gear sets and bearings.
  • Re-pin and rebush the boom, stick, and bucket linkage where wear exceeds factory tolerance.
  • Inspect the undercarriage frame and carbody welds for cracking, a known wear point on the 231D's 225-frame paired with a 235-class undercarriage.

Servicing the 231D beyond the schedule

Predictive Maintenance & Fluid Analysis

The 231D's Cat 3208T is fully mechanical with no ECM and no fault codes, so scheduled fluid sampling is the real early-warning system on this machine. Pull engine oil samples every 250 hours to catch turbocharger bearing wear or injection pump metal before it forces a rebuild. Sample hydraulic oil every 1000 hours; the 4800 psi, 121 gpm system concentrates contamination fast. Check fuel samples for water pulled into the 400 L tank on humid or wet sites.

Corrective & Common Repairs

The undercarriage is the 231D's known weak point: pairing the lighter 225-based frame with the heavier 235 boom and undercarriage concentrates wear on track rollers, idlers, and bushings under sustained digging loads. Swing bearing play and backlash in the final drives show up as hour counts climb. On the 3208T, turbocharger shaft wear and injection pump timing drift are the most common age-related failures. Catch these early with routine track-sag checks and bearing torque checks rather than running components to failure.

Overhaul & Rebuild Points

Most surviving 231Ds are now over 30 years old, so overhaul planning centers on the 3208T's fuel system: injection pump, injectors, and turbocharger wear together and are usually rebuilt as a set once timing or smoke complaints appear. Swing and final drive gear sets and bearings are the next major-wear items, followed by re-pinning and rebushing the boom, stick, and bucket linkage. Because the 231D pairs a 235-class undercarriage with a lighter 225-based frame, inspect the carbody and upper frame welds for cracking before a full driveline rebuild.

Seasonal & Environment Servicing

Cold starts are manual on the 3208T: no glow-plug controller or block heater interlock, so plan on ether and a fully charged battery bank below freezing. Watch the 400 L fuel tank for winter fuel gelling and drain the water separator daily in freeze-thaw weather. In hot, dusty digging shorten the engine oil interval toward 150 hours and clean the radiator and oil cooler cores weekly. On soft or wet ground, the LC undercarriage's wider footprint and lower ground pressure holds up better than the standard configuration.

231D common service parts

Part numberPart
6V-7615Film-Identification-On Fuel FilterCheck fitment →
8C-8899Film-Identification-On Engine Oil FilterCheck fitment →
8T-5913Screen-FilterCheck fitment →

Always confirm against your machine's serial number — cross-check any part in Heavy Parts AI before ordering.

231D attachments & work tools

Buckets

Factory GP bucket capacity for the 231D runs about 1.2 to 1.59 m³ (1.6 to 2.1 cu yd) at roughly 1.675 m (66 in) width; a few equipped units run buckets closer to 2.0 m³, so treat exact capacity as varying by configuration/series and stick length. Buckets mount pin-on directly to the stick and bucket linkage — this era of machine predates factory quick-coupler fitment, so confirm pin diameter and link spacing against the actual stick before ordering a replacement. Rock/HD buckets for this weight class run narrower and lower-capacity than the GP figure above on the same stick, per standard excavator bucket-sizing practice.

Hydraulic hammers

Operating weight for the 231D falls in the roughly 34-35.5 tonne (75,000-78,000 lb) class depending on standard vs LC configuration, which lines up with the mid/heavy breaker bracket sized for 30-40 tonne carriers — breaker service weight in the 3,000-4,500 kg range, roughly a 9,000-12,000 ft-lb impact-energy class. Machine hydraulics back this up: relief-valve setting is about 4800 psi (331 bar) with combined pump flow near 121 gpm (458 L/min) across the two main pumps, enough to feed one hammer circuit at this size.

Quick couplers

Factory fitment on the 231D is pin-on; hydraulic pin-grabber quick couplers sized for this machine's stick and bucket pins do exist on the used/attachment market, including variable-center pin-grabber designs, which confirms the pin spacing sits in a standard heavy pin-grabber size range for this weight class. Expect a hydraulic pin-grabber type rather than a manual/mechanical coupler given the machine's size.

Thumbs/grapples

No OEM thumb or grapple kit is documented specifically for the 231D. A hydraulic pin-on thumb mounted at the bucket pin is the typical retrofit for excavators this size, but confirm bucket-pin diameter and stick-side clearance with your attachment supplier before ordering — not verified for this exact model, check locally.

Rippers

No factory or aftermarket ripper tied specifically to the 231D turned up in available sources. Excavators in this weight class commonly run a single-shank pin-on ripper for rock or frost work, but shank pin size and stick clearance are not documented for this exact model — verify with your dealer or attachment supplier before ordering.

Hydraulic-kit notes

The 231D (built roughly 1989-1993) is a mechanically controlled machine that predates Cat's later selectable medium-pressure/high-flow auxiliary circuit branding; running a hammer, grapple, or other powered tool means field-installed boom-and-stick piping (pressure and return lines routed to the stick end) rather than a factory multi-mode switch. Size any added circuit to the machine's relief pressure (about 4800 psi / 331 bar) and available combined pump flow (about 121 gpm / 458 L/min from the two main pumps).

All 231D assemblies by section

Every catalogued assembly group for the Caterpillar 231D. Open an assembly to preview the parts inside — full OEM part numbers are available in Heavy Parts AI.

Air Inlet And Exhaust System
3n2915 Adapter Gp-Air Cleaner
3N***15Adapter Group-Air Cleaner; Air Cleaner Adapter Group1
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7e5705 Air Cleaner Gp
7w2878 Cartridge Gp-Turbocharger*R
7e5673 Extension Gp-Exhaust
7e5704 Lines Gp-Air
4e6216 Lines Gp-Air
9n6755 Lines Gp-Air
9N***55Lines Group-Air; Air Lines Group1
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7n8464 Lines Gp-Pcv
7N***64Lines Group-Pcv; Positive Crankcase Ventilation Lines Gp.1
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9n3612 Manifold Gp-Exhaust
9N***12Manifold Group-Exhaust; Exhaust Manifold Group1
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9n6619 Manifold Gp-Inlet
9N***19Manifold Group-Inlet; Inlet Manifold Group1
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7e4797 Muffler Gp
4h5076 Precleaner Gp
5l7942 Precleaner Gp
9s0603 Prescreener Gp
7w2874 Turbocharger Gp*R
2w2589 Turbocharger Gp
Basic Engine
7e6160 Belt Tightener Gp
9n6609 Camshaft Gp-Single
9l6065 Cover Gp-Cylinder Block
9L***65Cover Group-Cylinder Block; Cylinder Block Cover Group1
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9n0560 Cover Gp-Front Housing
9N***60Cover Group-Front Housing; Front Housing Cover Group1
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9n0730 Cover Gp-Valve Mechanism
9N***30Cover Group-Valve Mechanism; Valve Mechanism Cover Group1
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4w6972 Cover Gp-Valve Mechanism
4w6968 Cover Gp-Valve Mechanism
Crankshaft Bearing Replacements
8N***71.51 mm--Front Main--Non-Grooved1
8N***72.51 mm--Front Main--Non-Grooved1
8N***730 Standard--Front Main--Non-Grooved; 0 (Standard)-Front Main-Non-Grooved1
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2w0085 Crankshaft Gp*R
9n6222 Crankshaft Gp
7e0036 Cylinder Block As
9n6356 Cylinder Block Gp*R
9N***56Cylinder Block Group; Cylinder Block Group1
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7e4850 Cylinder Block Gp
7c3807 Cylinder Head As
7c2296 Cylinder Head As
1w2282 Cylinder Head Gp*R
9n3600 Cylinder Head Gp
9N***00Cylinder Head Group; Cylinder Head Group1
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9n5590 Damper & Pulley Gp
9N***90Damper & Pulley Group; Pulley And Damper Group1
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7e5800 Drive Gp-Fan
4n8850 Flywheel Gp
7c6032 Housing Gp-Flywheel
7w5447 Housing Gp-Front
7W***47Housing Group-Front; Front Housing Group1
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7e4113 Lifting Gp-Engine
7e8596 Pan Gp-Oil
9n6435 Piston & Rod Gp
2w4841 Piston Gp
7e5808 Pulley Gp
7e6185 Pulley Gp-Fan
0S***90Bolt; (3/8-16x2in)(Clip Thru Spacer To Bracket As)6
7E***99V-Belt Set; (Includes 3 Belts)1
7E***53Pulley-Auxiliary; Pulley Auxiliary1
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9n0542 Seal Gp-Crankshaft
9N***42Seal Group-Crankshaft; Crankshaft Seal Group1
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4p2630 Support Gp-Engine
9n6428 Support Gp-Engine
7c6353 Valve As-Pcv
9n6617 Valve Mechanism Gp
9N***17Valve Mechanism Group; Valve Mechanism Group1
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Cooling System
1w4912 Cooler Gp-Engine Oil
9n3593 Cooler Gp-Engine Oil
4p4760 Cooler Gp-Hydraulic Oil
6c7670 Cooling Ar
4N***49Spacer (.43 mm Thick)1
4N***50Spacer (.44 mm Thick)1
4N***51Spacer (.45 mm Thick)1
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7e5796 Fan Gp-Suction
6i1714 Fan Gp-Suction
7w4464 Lines Gp-Water
9n3654 Pump Gp-Water
9N***54Pump Group-Water; Water Pump Group1
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4p6535 Radiator Gp
7e7571 Radiator Gp
Engine Arrangement
4p0673 Engine Ar-Part 2 Of 2
1N***54Pump Group-Engine Oil1
2W***89Turbocharger Group1
4N***14Pump Group-Fuel Priming; Fuel Priming Pump Group1
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4p0673 Engine Ar-Part 1 Of 2
3N***15Adapter Group-Air Cleaner; Air Cleaner Adapter Group1
4N***68Filter Group-Fuel; Fuel Filter Group1
4N***50Flywheel Group; Flywheel Group1
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Frame And Body
8r6608 Carbody Gp
8r6541 Carbody Gp
8r9736 Counterweight Gp
8r5812 Counterweight Gp
8R***12Counterweight Group; Film-Instruction-Lift1
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6c7162 Counterweight Gp
6C***62Counterweight Group1
8R***36Counterweight Group1
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4e6179 Frame Ar-Undercarriage
4E***79Frame Ar-Undercarriage1
4E***80Lines Group-Track Motor1
6C***00Frame Group-Track Roller1
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4e5905 Frame Ar-Undercarriage
2V***50Idler Group-Front; Front Idler Group1
3T***06Roller Group-Track Carrier4
3V***92Guard Group-Track Guide2
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4e5907 Frame Ar-Undercarriage
4E***56Guard Group-Track Motor1
4E***07Frame Ar-Undercarriage1
4E***08Frame Group-Track Roller1
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3v9440 Frame Gp-Track Roller
6c2700 Frame Gp-Track Roller
4e5906 Frame Gp-Track Roller
1S***92Dowel4
3V***31Bracket-Carriage Roller4
4E***06Frame Group-Track Roller1
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4e5908 Frame Gp-Track Roller
4e4474 Frame Gp-Upper
8r6410 Gear & Bearing Gp
8r6205 Gear & Bearing Gp
8K***85Seal-Bottom2
8R***93Bearing & Gear Group-Fag1
8R***03Bearing & Gear Group-Skf1
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7v4303 Guard Gp-Bottom
2V***57Guard Group-Bottom; Bottom Guard Group1
3V***05Guard Group-Lines; Pilot Lines Guard Group1
7V***03Guard Group-Bottom1
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6c1892 Guard Gp-Bottom
2v0357 Guard Gp-Bottom
2V***57Guard Group-Bottom; Bottom Guard Group1
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3v3405 Guard Gp-Lines
3V***05Guard Group-Lines; Pilot Lines Guard Group1
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6c3425 Guard Gp-Lines
6C***25Guard Group-Lines; Guard Gp-Pilot Lines1
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2v8445 Guard Gp-Overhead-Part 1 Of 2
2V***45Guard Group-Overhead; Overhead Guard Group1
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2v8445 Guard Gp-Overhead-Part 2 Of 2
2V***45Guard Group-Overhead; Overhead Guard Group1
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8k2622 Guard Gp-Recoil Mechanism
6c2705 Guard Gp-Recoil Mechanism
8k4123 Guard Gp-Swivel
6w2488 Guard Gp-Track Guide
3v4892 Guard Gp-Track Guide
4c2011 Guard Gp-Track Guide
4e5855 Guard Gp-Track Motor
1A***35Bolt 2.00 In. (5.08 cm) Long5
3V***95Bracket As (Lh)1
3V***96Bracket As (Rh)1
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4e5856 Guard Gp-Track Motor
1A***35Bolt 2.00 In. (5.08 cm) Long5
3V***95Bracket As (Lh)1
3V***96Bracket As (Rh)1
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9c2616 Guard Gp-Track Motor
6c2720 Guard Gp-Track Motor
3V***95Bracket As (Lh)1
3V***96Bracket As (Rh)1
4L***54Capscrew; (3/8-16x21 In) (Gd8) (Hex Hd) (4-Roller)4
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4e4472 Hood & Guard Gp-Part 2 Of 2
4e4472 Hood & Guard Gp-Part 1 Of 2
8k2623 Idler Gp-Front
2v8641 Idler Gp-Front
2v1950 Idler Gp-Front
2V***50Idler Group-Front; Front Idler Group1
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5n4583 Link As-Track
8e4714 Link As-Track
6c3861 Platform Gp
3t3206 Track Roller Gp
8e4613 Track Roller Gp-Single Flange
8E***13Roller Group-Track-Single Flange; Track Roller Gp-Single Flange1
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8k3326 Spring Gp-Recoil
6y8658 Track Gp
1S***59Bolt 2.15 In. (54.61 mm) Long216
1S***60Nut-Track; (3/4-16-Thd)216
1V***57Shoe-Grouser Track54
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8e5856 Track Gp
1S***59Bolt 2.15 In. (54.61 mm) Long216
1S***60Nut-Track; (3/4-16-Thd)216
8E***17Link As-Track1
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9w1916 Track Gp
1S***59Bolt 2.15 In. (54.61 mm) Long188
1S***60Nut-Track; (3/4-16-Thd)188
5N***83Link As-Track1
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5n4585 Track Gp
1S***59Bolt 2.15 In. (54.61 mm) Long188
1S***60Nut-Track; (3/4-16-Thd)188
5N***83Link As-Track1
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8e5457 Track Gp
1S***59Bolt 2.15 In. (54.61 mm) Long216
1S***60Nut-Track; (3/4-16-Thd)216
8E***14Link As-Track1
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3t4292 Track Gp
1S***59Bolt 2.15 In. (54.61 mm) Long188
1S***60Nut-Track; (3/4-16-Thd)188
1V***57Shoe-Grouser Track47
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6c1871 Walkway Gp
Fuel System
4e4705 Control Ar-Governor
1V***33Diode Assem.1
4E***04Control Group-Governor1
4E***05Control Ar-Governor1
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7x1902 Control Gp-Electronic
4e4704 Control Gp-Governor-Part 2 Of 3
4e4704 Control Gp-Governor-Part 3 Of 3
9c1720 Control Gp-Governor
4e4704 Control Gp-Governor-Part 1 Of 3
9l6743 Control Gp-Governor
9L***43Control Group-Governor; Governor And Control Group1
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4e3922 Cylinder Gp-Engine Speed Actuator
4E***22Cylinder Group-Eng Speed Actuator1
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6c5532 Cylinder Gp-Engine Speed Actuator
6C***32Cylinder Group-Eng Speed Actuator1
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7c7670 Drive Gp-Governor
9l6925 Fastener Gp-Fuel Pump Housing
9L***25Fastener Group-Fuel Pump Housing; Fuel System Fastener Group1
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4n5868 Filter Gp-Fuel
4N***68Filter Group-Fuel; Fuel Filter Group1
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6c5855 Lines Gp-Fuel
7e4114 Lines Gp-Fuel Filter
9y0300 Lines Gp-Fuel Injection
7w1998 Lines Gp-Fuel Injection
7W***98Lines Group-Fuel Injection; Fuel Injection Lines Group1
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9y0301 Lines Gp-Fuel Injection
4n4314 Pump Gp-Fuel Priming
4N***14Pump Group-Fuel Priming; Fuel Priming Pump Group1
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7c8928 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp-Part 3 Of 5
7c8928 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp-Part 1 Of 5
7c8972 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp*R
7e3988 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp
7c8928 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp-Part 4 Of 5
7c8973 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp
7c8928 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp-Part 2 Of 5
7e3987 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp
7E***87Pump Group-Gov & Fuel Inj; Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp1
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7c8928 Governor & Fuel Injection Pump Gp-Part 5 Of 5
6c3020 Pump Gp-Refueling
5c0746 Strainer Gp
5c6108 Switch As
5C***08Switch As; (Fuel Tank Shut Off)1
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6c3004 Tank Gp-Fuel
6n0509 Torque Control Gp
9t1725 Valve Gp-Check
6t8208 Valve Gp-Solenoid
Hydraulic System
6e2562 Valve Gp-Check-Pilot Operated
9t2348 Valve Gp-Check-Pilot Operated
6e0829 Actuator Gp
6e0830 Actuator Gp
9j3954 Bypass Gp-Filter
9J***54Bypass Group-Filter; -Hydraulic Oil1
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6c5535 Control Gp-Hydraulic-Part 1 Of 2
6c5535 Control Gp-Hydraulic-Part 2 Of 2
9c9234 Control Gp-Hydraulic
9C***34Control Group-Hydraulic; Control Gp-Hydraulic Hammer1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 3 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 5 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 2 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 7 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 8 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 1 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 4 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8v8315 Control Gp-Pilot Operated Hydraulic-Part 6 Of 8
8V***15Control Group-Pilot Operated Hydraulic; Pilot Operated Hydraulic Control Group1
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8r6520 Control Gp-Pressure
6w3988 Coupling Gp-Pump
6e6008 Cylinder Gp(Changes 00,01)
6E***08Cylinder Group; Cylinder Gp-Stick1
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9t9371 Cylinder Gp-Boom (Chg. 03-06)
6e5021 Cylinder Gp-Bucket (Change 01, 02)
9t9514 Cylinder Gp-Bucket (Chg. 08)
9t9483 Cylinder Gp-Stick (Chg. 00)
8j7390 Filter Gp
8J***90Filter Group; (Pilot System Oil Filter)1
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6c0083 Filter Gp
9j3952 Filter Gp-External
9J***52Filter Group-External; -Hydraulic1
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9j1212 Filter Gp-Oil
9t3704 Head Gp-Pump
6c5710 Installation Ar-Hammer
6C***61Lines Group-Hydraulic1
6C***35Control Group-Hydraulic1
6C***90Lines Group-Hydraulic1
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6c4470 Installation Ar
6C***70Installation Ar1
6C***71Lines Group-Hydraulic1
6C***72Lines Group-Hammer1
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6c4473 Installation Ar
6C***73Installation Ar1
6C***74Lines Group-Hydraulic1
6C***75Lines Group-Hydraulic1
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8r8777 Installation Ar-Hydraulic Hammer
6C***93Lines Group-Hydraulic Stick1
6C***59Lines Group-Hydraulic1
8R***77Installation Ar-Hydraulic Hammer1
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8r6828 Lines Ar-Boom Check Valve
8R***98Lines Group-Boom Check Valve1
8R***28Lines Ar-Boom Check Valve1
8R***29Lines Group-Boom Check Valve1
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9u2755 Lines Gp-Boom-Part 1 Of 2
6c4064 Lines Gp-Boom
6c3015 Lines Gp-Boom
9u2755 Lines Gp-Boom-Part 2 Of 2
8r6829 Lines Gp-Boom Check Valve-Part 2 Of 2
9u2754 Lines Ar-Boom Check Valve
8R***98Lines Group-Boom Check Valve1
9U***54Lines Group-Boom Check Valve1
9U***55Lines Group-Boom1
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8r6829 Lines Gp-Boom Check Valve-Part 1 Of 2
8r6598 Lines Gp-Boom Check Valve
8r6525 Lines Gp-Boom Cylinder
8r9450 Lines Gp-Check Valve-Part 2 Of 2
6c5028 Lines Gp-Check Valve-Part 1 Of 2
6c5028 Lines Gp-Check Valve-Part 2 Of 2
8r9450 Lines Gp-Check Valve-Part 1 Of 2
8r4925 Lines Gp-Front-Part 1 Of 2
8r4925 Lines Gp-Front-Part 2 Of 2
6c4301 Lines Gp-Grease
6c3016 Lines Gp-Grease
6c4472 Lines Gp-Hammer
6c5359 Lines Gp-Hydraulic
6c4475 Lines Gp-Hydraulic
6c4471 Lines Gp-Hydraulic
6c5690 Lines Gp-Hydraulic
6c5361 Lines Gp-Hydraulic
6c4474 Lines Gp-Hydraulic
6c0893 Lines Gp-Hydraulic Stick-Hammer
3v5332 Lines Gp-Pilot-Part 2 Of 3
3v5332 Lines Gp-Pilot-Part 1 Of 3
3v5332 Lines Gp-Pilot-Part 3 Of 3
4e4469 Lines Gp-Pump-Part 2 Of 4
4e4469 Lines Gp-Pump-Part 4 Of 4
4e4469 Lines Gp-Pump-Part 1 Of 4
4e4469 Lines Gp-Pump-Part 3 Of 4
4e5931 Lines Gp-Return & Filter-Part 2 Of 2
4e5931 Lines Gp-Return & Filter-Part 1 Of 2
6c4306 Lines Gp-Stick
8r8627 Lines Gp-Stick
8r8628 Lines Gp-Stick
8r5894 Lines Gp-Swing Motor
4e5918 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 3 Of 3
4e6181 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 2 Of 3
4e5919 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 1 Of 3
4e6181 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 1 Of 3
4e6180 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 3 Of 3
4e5919 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 3 Of 3
4e6180 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 2 Of 3
4e5918 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 2 Of 3
4e5918 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 1 Of 3
4e5919 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 2 Of 3
4e6181 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 3 Of 3
4e6180 Lines Gp-Track Motor-Part 1 Of 3
9t9347 Motor Gp-Piston (Link)
9t1208 Motor Gp-Piston-Link
6c1489 Pump & Mounting Gp
4e6199 Pump & Mounting Gp
9t3712 Pump Gp-Double-Piston (Link)
6c2065 Pump Gp-Gear
6c1972 Pump Gp-Gear
9t9349 Pump Gp-Piston
6e0458 Rotating Gp
6e1700 Rotating Gp-Motor
9t3870 Rotating Gp-Pump
9t3714 Rotating Gp-Pump
9t4221 Shaft Gp
9t4222 Shaft Gp-Stub
4e6197 Support Gp-Valve & Filter
2g3970 Switch & Handle Gp
9t9397 Swivel Gp
9t1950 Tank Gp-Hydraulic
4d0487 Valve As-Check
4D***87Valve As-Check; -Air Supply-Primary Air Tank-Service Brake Control1
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6e2175 Valve Gp
9t0133 Valve Gp-Boom Lowering
9t3767 Valve Gp
6c7207 Valve Gp
9t1745 Valve Gp
6e4923 Valve Gp
6e4924 Valve Gp
6e4735 Valve Gp
8j2601 Valve Gp-Brake
6e3528 Valve Gp-Breaker Relief
6E***28Valve Group-Breaker Relief; -Sound Suppression1
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9t1082 Valve Gp-Check & Relief
9T***82Valve Group-Check & Relief; (Stick)1
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6e3593 Valve Gp-Check & Relief
9t9158 Valve Gp-Combination
3g3816 Valve Gp-Control
3g3817 Valve Gp-Control
9j2084 Valve Gp-Drain
8j4356 Valve Gp-Pilot
4t9980 Valve Gp-Pilot
6e3322 Valve Gp-Pilot
3g3818 Valve Gp-Control
3G***18Valve Group-Pilot Travel & Steer1
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9t3356 Valve Gp-Pitch Relief-Pilot Operated
8j2057 Valve Gp-Pitch Relief-Pilot Operated
6e2842 Valve Gp-Relief
4t5572 Valve Gp-Relief-Pilot Operated
6e2948 Valve Gp-Relief-Pilot Operated
6e1151 Valve Gp-Relief-Pilot Operated
9t9165 Valve Gp-Relief
9t9160 Valve Gp-Relief
6e3183 Valve Gp-Relief
3g9895 Valve Gp-Relief
9t0122 Valve Gp-Relief-Pilot Operated
8j2602 Valve Gp-Selector
9t5584 Valve Gp-Selector
5c9971 Valve Gp-Selector
9t3672 Valve Gp-Selector
6t5859 Valve Gp-Solenoid
6T***59Valve Group-Solenoid; (Ride Control)1
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7t9746 Valve Gp-Solenoid
7T***46Valve Group-Solenoid; (Warm-Up & Boom Float)1
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Implements
9w8565 Sidecutter Gp-Blade
9W***65Sidecutter Group-Blade; Sidecutter Gp-Blade1
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9w8566 Sidecutter Gp-Combination
9w8567 Sidecutter Gp-Strike Off
6c4313 Boom Ar-Hoe
03***89Grease Fitting3
6C***43Boom Group1
6C***14Lighting Group; Lighting Gp-Boom1
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6c3747 Boom Ar-Hoe
3B***89Fitting-Grease; (Fan And Alternator Drive)3
6C***14Lighting Group; Lighting Gp-Boom1
6C***47Boom Ar-Hoe1
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6c3748 Boom Gp
6c2943 Boom Gp
8r9476 Bucket As
7y7468 Bucket As
8r9479 Bucket As
7y7552 Bucket As
7y7469 Bucket As
4e6795 Bucket As
4e7309 Link & Bearing As
8r6449 Linkage Ar-Bucket
3B***89Fitting-Grease; (Fan And Alternator Drive)2
6E***21Cylinder Group-Bucket1
8R***49Linkage Ar-Bucket1
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9u2291 Linkage Ar-Bucket
3B***89Fitting-Grease; (Fan And Alternator Drive)2
6E***21Cylinder Group-Bucket1
9U***91Linkage Ar-Bucket1
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9u2292 Linkage Gp-Bucket
8r7415 Linkage Gp-Bucket
8r7659 Stick Ar-Hoe
8R***59Stick Ar-Hoe1
8R***60Stick Group-Hoe1
8R***27Lines Group-Stick1
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8r7655 Stick Ar-Hoe
8R***55Stick Ar-Hoe1
8R***56Stick Group-Hoe1
8R***28Lines Group-Stick1
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6c4369 Stick Ar-Hoe
6C***15Stick Group-Hoe1
6C***06Lines Group-Stick1
6C***69Stick Ar-Hoe1
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4e9079 Stick Ar-H0e
4E***79Stick Ar-Hoe1
4E***80Stick Group-Hoe1
8R***28Lines Group-Stick1
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6c3915 Stick Gp-Hoe
8r7656 Stick Gp-Hoe
8r7660 Stick Gp-Hoe
4e9080 Stick Gp-Hoe
3g3236 Tip Gp-Penetration
8j4955 Tip Gp-Long
8e0834 Tip Gp-Long
8e0838 Tip Gp-Penetration
8j4954 Tip Gp-Short
8e0835 Tip Gp-Short
7T***01Tip-Short1
7T***08Pin-G.E.T.1
8E***35Tip Group-Short1
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8j4953 Tip Gp-Wide
8e0836 Tip Gp-Wide
7T***00Tip-Wide1
7T***08Pin-G.E.T.1
8E***36Tip Group-Wide; -J-4001
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Lubrication System
9y0858 Filter Gp-Engine Oil
7e8595 Gauge Gp-Oil Level (Dipstick)
7E***95Gauge Group-Oil Level (Dipstick)1
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7c6490 Lines Gp-Engine Oil
1n4254 Pump Gp-Engine Oil
Operator Station
6c7013 Air Conditioner & Mounting Gp
6C***13Air Conditioner & Mounting Group1
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6c5811 Air Conditioner Ar
6C***06Lines Group; Lines Gp-Air Conditioner1
6C***11Air Conditioner Ar1
6C***78Compressor Group-Refrigerant1
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6c7014 Air Conditioner Gp
6c7135 Air Conditioner Gp
6c3829 Arm Gp-Wiper
6c3802 Cab Gp-Part 3 Of 3
6c3802 Cab Gp-Part 2 Of 3
6c3802 Cab Gp-Part 1 Of 3
6c3800 Cab Gp
6c3801 Cab Gp
7n4297 Clutch & Refrigerant Compressor Gp*R
7N***97Clutch & Refrig Compressor Group1
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6c5878 Compressor Gp-Refrigerant
8r8123 Mounting & Condenser Gp
8R***23Condenser & Mounting Group; Mounting & Condenser Gp1
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7g3478 Condenser Gp-Part 2 Of 2
7g3478 Condenser Gp-Part 1 Of 2
6c4335 Cover Gp-Console
6c7120 Duct Gp
6c7117 Duct Gp-Air
6c7118 Duct Gp-Air
9c8725 Fan Gp-Circulating
5d2856 Fan Gp-Defrosting
4e4473 Gauge & Warning Gp-Part 2 Of 2
4e4473 Gauge & Warning Gp-Part 1 Of 2
6c3882 Guard Gp-Window
6c5586 Heater Gp
6c5585 Heater Gp-Mounting
6c4324 Heater Gp
6c4345 Heater Gp-Cab
6c7121 Heater Gp-Cab
6c5806 Lines Gp-Air Conditioner
6C***06Lines Group; Lines Gp-Air Conditioner1
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8r6611 Mirror Gp
5v6143 Mirror Gp-Rear View
6c5348 Panel Gp
6c3859 Seat Gp-Adjustable-Part 1 Of 2
6c3859 Seat Gp-Adjustable-Part 2 Of 2
8y4009 Seat Gp-Suspension
6c5067 Suppression Ar-Sound
4B***58Screw (Identification Plate) Mounting4
6C***92Guard Group-Bottom1
6C***25Guard Group-Lines; Guard Gp-Pilot Lines1
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6w9972 Washer Gp-Windshield
5C***40Reservoir1
5C***41Support As1
6W***72Washer Group-Window1
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4e6418 Washer Gp-Windshield
6c3833 Window Gp
6c3822 Window Gp
6c3823 Window Gp
6c3845 Windshield Gp
6c3832 Windshield Gp
6c3824 Wiper Gp
6c3825 Wiper Gp
7v9856 Wiring Gp-Air Conditioner
Power Train
9c5969 Brake Gp-Parking
6w4584 Brake Gp-Parking
3v4487 Control Gp-Swing Brake
8r6123 Drive Gp-Swing
6w4919 Final Drive Gp-Part 1 Of 2
6w4920 Final Drive Gp-Part 1 Of 2
6w4919 Final Drive Gp-Part 2 Of 2
6w4920 Final Drive Gp-Part 2 Of 2
Service Equipment And Supplies
Name Plates & Films-Part 2 Of 2
6V***11Film; Film-Warning. Located On Front Of Fuel1
6V***15Film-Identification-On Fuel Filter1
7X***29Film; (Lift And Tie Down) (W/O Ripper: On Side Of Track Roller Frame Between Front Roller And Idler And Between Rear Roller And Idler (2 Each Side)) (W Ripper: On Side Of Track Roller Frame Between Front Roller And Idler And On Side Of Lower Ripper Frame By Rea2
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Name Plates & Films-Part 1 Of 2
1P***07Film-Symbol; 2 On Bottom Of Upper Frame Below Engine. 2 On Front Of Upper Frame Above Boom Articulation2
3E***96Film (Lift Here Symbol)1
5P***49Film-Instruction (Steer/Travel Controls)1
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7x2913 Paint & Lubricant Gp
1P***07Film-Symbol; 2 On Bottom Of Upper Frame Below Engine. 2 On Front Of Upper Frame Above Boom Articulation2
3E***96Film (Lift Here Symbol)1
5P***49Film-Instruction (Steer/Travel Controls)1
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Starting System
5n6704 Starting Motor Gp-Electric
8c3651 Starting Motor Gp-Electric
8C***51Starting Motor Group-Electric; Starting Motor Gp-Electric-Delco-Remy1
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4n3181 Starting Motor Gp-Electric*R
3T***05Starting Motor Group-Electric; Starting Motor Group (Robert Bosch)1
4N***81Starting Motor Group-Electric1
8C***51Starting Motor Group-Electric; Starting Motor Gp-Electric-Delco-Remy1
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3t6305 Starting Motor Gp-Electric
3T***05Starting Motor Group-Electric; Starting Motor Group (Robert Bosch)1
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9x4447 Starting Motor Gp-Electric
9X***47Starting Motor Group-Electric; Electric Starting Motor Group (Nippondenso)1
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6n9294 Alternator Gp-Charging*R
3T***52Alternator Group-Charging1
6N***94Alternator Group; (24-Volt, 35-Ampere)1
7N***20Alternator Group; Alternator Group (Robert Bosch)1
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8n9512 Alternator Gp-Charging
7n9720 Alternator Gp-Charging
7N***20Alternator Group; Alternator Group (Robert Bosch)1
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1005047 Alternator Gp-Charging*R
10***45Alternator Group-Charging; (Nippondenso)1
10***46Alternator Group-Charging; -24-Volt, 50-Ampere1
10***47Alternator Group-Charging; -24-Volt, 50-Ampere1
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3e7578 Alternator Gp-Charging
3E***78Alternator Group-Charging; Charging Alternator Group (Delco Remy)1
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9g4574 Alternator Gp-Charging
9G***74Alternator Group-Charging; Alternator Group (Nippondenso)1
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3t6352 Alternator Gp-Part 2 Of 2
1005045 Alternator Gp-Charging-24 Volt, 50 Ampere
10***45Alternator Group-Charging; (Nippondenso)1
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3t1888 Alternator Gp-Charging
3T***88Alternator Group-Charging; Alternator Group Delco-Remy 24 Volt, 50 Ampere1
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6t7223 Alternator Gp-Charging
6T***23Alternator Group-Charging; Alternator Group-Nippondenso -- 24 Volt, 50 Ampere1
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7e9513 Alternator Gp
3t6352 Alternator Gp-Part 1 Of 2
1005046 Alternator Gp-Charging-24 Volt, 50 Ampere
10***46Alternator Group-Charging; -24-Volt, 50-Ampere1
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9g9538 Alternator Gp-Charging
5s9088 Alternator Gp-Charging*R
3E***78Alternator Group-Charging; Charging Alternator Group (Delco Remy)1
3T***88Alternator Group-Charging; Alternator Group Delco-Remy 24 Volt, 50 Ampere1
5S***88Alternator Group-Charging1
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4e4470 Battery & Wiring Gp-Part 1 Of 2
4e4470 Battery & Wiring Gp-Part 2 Of 2
8k2506 Battery Gp
7t8000 Control Gp-Electronic
3v4495 Horn Gp-Electric
6c3014 Lighting Gp-Boom
6C***14Lighting Group; Lighting Gp-Boom1
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6c1505 Lighting Gp-2 Lamp
4n9314 Shut-Off Gp-Electrical
6t6122 Solenoid As-Shut-Off
6T***22Solenoid As-Shutoff; Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off--Ledex Inc1
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6n9987 Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off
6N***87Solenoid Group-Shutoff1
6T***26Solenoid Group-Shutoff; Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off1
6T***22Solenoid As-Shutoff; Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off--Ledex Inc1
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6t4126 Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off
6T***26Solenoid Group-Shutoff; Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off1
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7n8884 Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off
7N***84Solenoid Group-Shutoff; Solenoid Gp-Shut-Off1
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4e7109 Starting Aid Gp-Ether
7n0718 Switch As-Disconnect
7N***18Switch As-Disconnect; -Battery-Ground Level1
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9g7641 Switch Gp-Start
9G***41Switch Group-Start; -Engine, Key-Vims Service1
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6c3966 Wiring Gp-Cab

231D serial number reference

The PIN plate on a 231D is typically riveted to the right side of the cab below the window; on these older 225/235-derived machines a second plate is sometimes found on the boom arm just above the ladder, or inside the cab near the operator's seat or right foot area. The serial number is an 8-character code: a 3-character prefix identifying the model and production series (e.g. 1NK, 5WJ) followed by a 5-digit sequential unit number within that series. Clean the plate before reading, since paint and grease commonly obscure it on machines this age.

PrefixIdentifies
1NK231D and 231D LC, early production series
5WJ231D and 231D LC, later production series

Frequently asked questions

What engine powers the Caterpillar 231D?

A Cat 3208 or turbocharged 3208T V8 diesel rated around 200 hp (149 kW). It is a fully mechanical engine with a mechanical injection pump and no ECM or electronic diagnostics.

What is the operating weight of the Caterpillar 231D?

Operating weight runs 33.6 to 35.5 tonnes (74,000 to 78,264 lb) depending on configuration. The standard-undercarriage machine weighs about 35.2 tonnes (77,600 lb) and the LC (long-carriage) version about 35.5 tonnes (78,264 lb).

What replaced the Caterpillar 231D?

Cat did not carry the 231D forward as a numbered model. It had replaced the Cat 229 in the lineup, and when production ended in 1993 the mechanical 200-series excavator family gave way to Cat's electronically managed 300-series machines (320/325/330).

What 231D owners discuss

What do experienced operators say about the 231D's hydraulic pump layout and how it behaves?
The 231D uses a different, more consolidated hydraulic pump arrangement than the older 225 it's related to, and owners moving between the two models note it as one of the more noticeable practical differences in feel. The general wear pattern for a hydraulic system this age is loss of pressure, overheated oil, or jerky, hesitant boom/stick/bucket movement, which points to internal leakage or contamination rather than a pump failing outright. Original rubber seals have typically hardened after decades in service and start to weep, so seal condition and oil cleanliness get checked before a pump or valve gets blamed.
What's the known weak point in the 231D's undercarriage, and what wear pattern should buyers expect?
The 231D pairs a 225-style upper structure with a heavier, 235-derived undercarriage, and that undercarriage is the part owners flag most often as the machine's soft spot. A heavily worn set of tracks, rollers, and idlers on one of these is read as a sign of serious hours rather than light use. Running track tension too tight adds load across the links, rollers, and idler and speeds up wear, and digging to the side or over the rear instead of working straight ahead accelerates idler wear specifically. Undercarriage condition is the first thing to put hands on, not just a visual walk-around.
How do the swing drive and travel (final drive) motors typically wear on a machine like this?
Swing and travel motor output-shaft seals harden and start to weep with age on machines this old, a normal aging symptom rather than a defect on its own. Once an internal bearing starts to go, the shaft walks slightly out of alignment and lets gear oil or hydraulic oil pass the seal, which usually shows up as oil around the sprocket area or the swing housing. Light seepage gets logged and watched; steady dripping, or a gear-oil level that keeps rising or falling between checks, means the seal and possibly the bearing need attention before the failure gets more expensive.
What are the known quirks of the 231D's engine?
The 231D is powered by the turbocharged Cat 3208 (3208T), rated at roughly 149 kW (200 gross hp), on a machine that comes in around 35 tonnes (76,000-78,000 lb) operating weight depending on configuration. It's a mechanical, direct-injection diesel with no glow plugs or intake air heater from the factory; a properly maintained example is expected to start almost instantly even in cool weather, so a machine that's hard to start cold usually has a compression or fuel-system problem rather than a missing preheat system. Ether is treated strictly as an occasional cold-start aid for genuinely tough conditions, not something to rely on every morning.
Is there a known leak or wear point on the 231D's fuel system?
The 3208's injection pump has a recognized leak point at the governor control shaft and the throttle shaft bushing at the rear of the pump housing. As that shaft wears it runs slightly off center, the seal stops sealing, and fuel weeps at the back of the pump. Proper repair means pulling the intake manifold to access the rear governor housing and rebushing and reseating it, which shops treat as a bigger job than a simple seal swap once real wear has set in. Because governor condition also affects engine speed control, have your dealer verify governor adjustment and pump condition rather than just chasing the leak.
What electrical issues come up most on machines of this vintage?
Wiring insulation on 30-plus-year-old machines dries out, cracks, and flakes, especially on harness runs that have soaked in engine oil over the years, producing intermittent grounds and hard-to-chase faults rather than one clean failure. Charging complaints are common and can be either the alternator itself or the exciter-wire circuit that has to feed it voltage before it comes online; a weak exciter connection leaves a mechanically good alternator not charging, so both ends of the circuit get checked before a part gets condemned. Have your dealer or an experienced equipment electrician verify the full charging circuit before replacing parts on a guess.
What should a buyer check before purchasing a used 231D?
Start with the undercarriage. It's the known weak point and the fastest way to gauge real hours, so check tracks, rollers, idlers, and tension along with pin and bushing wear through the boom and stick. Look for oil weeping around the swing housing and travel motor sprockets, and run the hydraulics under load through all functions at once to check for jerky or slow movement that would point to pump or valve wear. Confirm the engine starts promptly cold without needing ether every time. This model carries a reputation among longtime owners for needing real money to keep productive once it's tired, so budget for undercarriage and hydraulic seal work rather than assuming clean paint means a sound machine. If a straight 225 or 235 is available for comparison, some owners consider it worth cross-shopping before committing to the 231D's hybrid combination.

Compiled from owner and technician discussions across the industry — experiences vary by serial range and machine history.

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